Transmission dynamics of the 2016-18 outbreak of hepatitis A among men who have sex with men in England and cost-effectiveness analysis of vaccination strategies to prevent future outbreaks

Zhang, Xu‐Sheng; Ong, Jason J.; MacGregor, Louis; Vilaplana, Tatiana G.; Heathcock, Simone T.; Mindlin, Miranda; Weatherburn, Peter; Hickson, Ford; Edelstein, Michael; Mandal, Sema; Vickerman, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100426

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In previous research, the herd immunity and vaccination thresholds were estimated to be 69 and 76%, respectively, among persons experiencing homelessness and persons who use drugs in the United States ( 14 ). Similarly, the critical level of herd immunity to combat HAV among MSM to prevent outbreaks was estimated to be 65–70% ( 31 , 32 ). Thus, the scenario of vaccinating children aged 1–6 years provides a sufficient level of herd immunity that not only controls the HAV incidence in the general population, but also prevents future outbreaks in vulnerable groups in the vaccinated generation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling hepatitis A epidemiological profiles and estimating the pediatric vaccination threshold in the Russian Federation

Taratorkin,

Karlsen,

Kyuregyan

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundTo combat the hesitancy towards implementing a hepatitis A universal mass vaccination (UMV) strategy and to provide healthcare authorities with a comprehensive analysis of the potential outcomes and benefits of the implementation of such a vaccination program, we projected HAV seroprevalence and incidence rates in the total population of the Russian Federation and estimated the pediatric vaccination threshold required to achieve an incidence level of less than 1 case per 100,000 using a new mathematical model.MethodsA dynamic age-structured SEIRV (susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered-vaccinated) compartmental model was developed and calibrated using demographic, seroprevalence, vaccination, and epidemiological data from different regions of the Russian Federation. This model was used to project various epidemiological measures.ResultsThe projected national average age at the midpoint of population immunity increases from 40 years old in 2020 to 50 years old in 2036 and is shifted even further to the age of 70 years in some regions of the country. An increase of varying magnitude in the incidence of symptomatic HAV infections is predicted for all study regions and for the Russian Federation as a whole between 2028 and 2032, if the HAV vaccination coverage level remains at the level of 2022. The national average vaccination coverage level required to achieve a symptomatic HAV incidence rate below 1 case per 100,000 by 2032 was calculated to be 69.8% if children aged 1–6 years are vaccinated following the implementation of a UMV program or 34.8% if immunization is expanded to children aged 1–17 years.ConclusionThe developed model provides insights into a further decline of herd immunity to HAV against the background of ongoing viral transmission. The current favorable situation regarding hepatitis A morbidity is projected to be replaced by an increase in incidence rates if vaccination coverage remains at the current levels. The obtained results support the introduction of a hepatitis A UMV strategy in the Russian Federation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling hepatitis A epidemiological profiles and estimating the pediatric vaccination threshold in the Russian Federation

Taratorkin,

Karlsen,

Kyuregyan

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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“…Periodic HAV outbreaks occur among MSM in developed countries. The most effective approach to control these outbreaks is through HA vaccination [ 19 ]. Preemptive and selective reactive HA vaccination is the best strategy to control future outbreaks.…”

Section: Ha Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preemptive and selective reactive HA vaccination is the best strategy to control future outbreaks. Furthermore, testing of HAV seroprevalence among MSM is required to ensure protective immunity [ 19 ].…”

Section: Ha Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hepatitis A (HA) vaccine is highly effective in preventing clinically apparent disease. Despite being vaccine-preventable, HAV outbreaks have occurred among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and men who have sex with men (MSM) [ 19 ]. In spite of several trials to establish an effective treatment to eliminate HBV, this goal has not yet been achieved [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances in Protective Vaccines against Hepatitis Viruses: A Narrative Review

Elbahrawy

Atalla

Alboraie

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Vaccination has been confirmed to be the safest and, sometimes, the only tool of defense against threats from infectious diseases. The successful history of vaccination is evident in the control of serious viral infections, such as smallpox and polio. Viruses that infect human livers are known as hepatitis viruses and are classified into five major types from A to E, alphabetically. Although infection with hepatitis A virus (HAV) is known to be self-resolving after rest and symptomatic treatment, there were 7134 deaths from HAV worldwide in 2016. In 2019, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) resulted in an estimated 820,000 and 290,000 deaths, respectively. Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a satellite virus that depends on HBV for producing its infectious particles in order to spread. The combination of HDV and HBV infection is considered the most severe form of chronic viral hepatitis. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is another orally transmitted virus, common in low- and middle-income countries. In 2015, it caused 44,000 deaths worldwide. Safe and effective vaccines are already available to prevent hepatitis A and B. Here, we review the recent advances in protective vaccines against the five major hepatitis viruses.

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The multiple roles of viral 3D ^pol protein in picornavirus infections

Nie,

Zhai,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Virulence

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The Picornaviridae are a large group of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses, and most research has focused on the Enterovirus genus, given they present a severe health risk to humans. Other picornaviruses, such as foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and senecavirus A (SVA), affect agricultural production with high animal mortality to cause huge economic losses. The 3D pol protein of picornaviruses is widely known to be used for genome replication; however, a growing number of studies have demonstrated its non-polymerase roles, including modulation of host cell biological processes, viral replication complex assembly and localization, autophagy, and innate immune responses. Currently, there is no effective vaccine to control picornavirus diseases widely, and clinical therapeutic strategies have limited efficiency in combating infections. Many efforts have been made to develop different types of drugs to prohibit virus survival; the most important target for drug development is the virus polymerase, a necessary element for virus replication. For picornaviruses, there are also active efforts in targeted 3D pol drug development. This paper reviews the interaction of 3D pol proteins with the host and the progress of drug development targeting 3D pol .

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Transmission dynamics of the 2016-18 outbreak of hepatitis A among men who have sex with men in England and cost-effectiveness analysis of vaccination strategies to prevent future outbreaks

Cited by 4 publications

References 26 publications

Modeling hepatitis A epidemiological profiles and estimating the pediatric vaccination threshold in the Russian Federation

Modeling hepatitis A epidemiological profiles and estimating the pediatric vaccination threshold in the Russian Federation

Recent Advances in Protective Vaccines against Hepatitis Viruses: A Narrative Review

The multiple roles of viral 3D ^pol protein in picornavirus infections

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Transmission dynamics of the 2016-18 outbreak of hepatitis A among men who have sex with men in England and cost-effectiveness analysis of vaccination strategies to prevent future outbreaks

Cited by 4 publications

References 26 publications

Modeling hepatitis A epidemiological profiles and estimating the pediatric vaccination threshold in the Russian Federation

Modeling hepatitis A epidemiological profiles and estimating the pediatric vaccination threshold in the Russian Federation

Recent Advances in Protective Vaccines against Hepatitis Viruses: A Narrative Review

The multiple roles of viral 3D pol protein in picornavirus infections

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Product

Resources

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The multiple roles of viral 3D ^pol protein in picornavirus infections