Transmission Efficiency of Cucumber mosaic virus by Aphids Associated with Virus Epidemics in Snap Bean

Abstract

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is a major component of the virus complex that has become more pronounced in snap bean in the midwestern and northeastern United States since 2001. Multiple-vector-transfer tests were done to estimate the CMV transmission efficiencies (p) of the main aphid species identified in commercial snap bean fields in New York and Pennsylvania. The four most efficient vectors (p > 0.05) were Aphis gossypii, A. glycines, Acyrthosiphon pisum, and Therioaphis trifolii, which were all significant species in the migratory aphid populations in snap bean. Moderately efficient vectors (0.01 < p < 0.04) were A. spiraecola, A. craccivora, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, and Rhopalosiphum maidis. Poor vectors (p < 0.01) included A. fabae, Nearctaphis bakeri, and Myzus persicae. Only one species, Sitobion avenae, failed to transmit CMV in replicated tests. Estimates of p were consistent between different clones of the same aphid species and among three different field isolates of CMV tested. Single-vector-transfer test results for a subset of the species supported those obtained via the multiple-vector-transfer approach. Our results are consistent with the notion that A. glycines is a major vector of recent CMV epidemics in snap bean, but that species is only one of several that are involved.

Comparative transmission of two cucumber mosaic virus isolates by two color morphs of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)

“…To facilitate the comparison, the transmission rate for a single aphid (P * ) was calculated from our data and from data of previous studies (Table 3). The transmission efficiency of CmV by A. pisum red morph was higher than for green morph in this study, which was similar to the results obtained previously for this virus by Aphis gossypii (Pinto et al, 2008;Gildow et al, 2008;Garzo et al, 2004). on the other hand, the transmission efficiency for single green morph of A. pisum in this study was determined as 0.01-0.03, similar to the results of Gildow et al (2008) on A. pisum and Aphis craccivora transmission efficiency for CmV-le isolate on P. vulgaris.…”

“…results revealed that geographical isolates of CmV, which were isolated from bean and cowpea, were transmissible by pea aphid, similar to results of Gildow et al (2008), who reported a successful transmission of CmV to snap bean plants by A. pisum. our results showed that red morph of A. pisum is a more efficient vector of CmV than green morph in greenhouse condition.…”

“…CmV is transmitted in a non-persistent manner by more than 80 species of aphids in 33 genera with varying degrees of efficiency (edwardson and Christie, 1991). Pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (harris), which itself transmits more than 30 plant viruses (blackman and eastop, 2000), is one of the effective CmV-vectors in snap bean (Gildow et al, 2008). This vector is a suitable model for different studies, due to its special features such as color polymorphism with red and green colors.…”

Impact of cucumber mosaic virus infection on the varietal traits of common bean cultivars in Iran

“…In this research plants evaluated after 21 days based on some researches [33] despite showing difference in morphological parameters including top fresh/dry weights and plant height between control and treated plants, yet for most lines there was non statistical significant difference (Table 3). It is concluded that plants should checked after longer growth period as suggested by other researchers [5,12]. This investigation showed that line D81083 had moderate resistance to CMV and the virus was not detected in it by ELISA, while the virus can replicate in this line with low titer.…”

“…CMV is aphid transmitted in a stylet-borne non-persistent manner [12] and is seed borne in some hosts [38,40]. CMV seed transmission in susceptible bean cultivars is up to 49 % [7] and is retained in the seed for about 27 months during storage [3].…”