“…They can serve as diagnostic, prognostic, or predictive biomarkers for NSCLC, 12 compared to circulating tumor cells, the content of exosomes in blood is 10 9 times higher; and compared to circulating tumor DNA, exosomes originate from exosomes. Common methods for exosome detection include nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), 16 transmission electron microscopy (TEM), 17 dynamic light scattering, 18 and flow cytometry. 19 However, these methods are characterized by lengthy sample processing times, intricate procedures, high costs, and low efficiency, thereby limiting their clinical utility.…”