Transmission electron microscopy of heart and liver tissues from rats fed with gums arabic and tragacanth

Anderson, D.M.W.; Ashby, P.; Busuttil, A.; Kempson, S. A.; Lawson, Margaret E.

doi:10.1016/0378-4274(84)90227-3

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…It is considered as a food grade additive by the Bureau of Indian Standards, India under Indian Standard IS 7238: 1997 [9]. Several studies have established that gum tragacanth is nontoxic, nonmutagenic, nonteratogenic, noncarcinogenic and has a potential application as a food additive [10][11][12][13], dressing bandage for burn healing [14], immobilizing agent in viral plaque assay [15], superabsorbent hydrogel [16] and carrier for controlled release of verapamil hydrochloride, a water-soluble drug [17]. It is also employed as an administration vehicle for insecticide [18], antidepressant [19], and antilipemic agents [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles by Gum Tragacanth (Astragalus gummifer): A Dual Functional Reductant and Stabilizer

Kora

Arunachalam

2012

Journal of Nanomaterials

151

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A simple and ecofriendly procedure have been devised for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the aqueous extract of gum tragacanth (Astragalus gummifer), a renewable, nontoxic natural phyto-exudate. The water soluble components in the gum act as reductants and stabilizers. The generated nanoparticles were analyzed using UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The role of gum concentration and reaction time on the synthesis of nanoparticles was studied. By regulating the reaction conditions, spherical nanoparticles of13.1±1.0 nm size were produced. Also, the possible functional groups involved in reduction and capping of nanoparticles has been elucidated. The antibacterial activity of the fabricated nanoparticles was tested on model Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains with well-diffusion method. These nanoparticles exhibited considerable antibacterial activity on both the Gram classes of bacteria, implying their potential biomedical applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles by Gum Tragacanth (Astragalus gummifer): A Dual Functional Reductant and Stabilizer

Kora

Arunachalam

2012

Journal of Nanomaterials

151

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“…Electron microscopic findings for the liver included no abnormalities in hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, or lining cells of the biliary passages. The mitochondria and nuclei were normal both in appearance and internal structure, and no abnormalities were observed in intracytoplasmic glycogen stores (Anderson et al 1984).…”

Section: Subchronic Oral Toxicity Gum Arabicmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Weight gain, feed efficiency, hematological findings, and organ weights were normal (World Health Organization 1974). Anderson et al (1984) fed three groups of three male Albino Wistar rats (weights = 140 to 160 g) diets containing 1%, 4%, and 8% (w/w) gum arabic (Acacia Senegal Gum), respectively, daily for 28 days. A fourth group served as the negative control.…”

Section: Short-term Oral Toxicity Gum Arabicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results of assays of hepatic microsomal protein and cytochrome P-450 for each dietary group indicated that gum arabic did not cause inductive effects. The investigators noted that when induction by active agents (e.g., phenobarbitone) takes place, cytochrome P-450 values are increased by several-fold within a few days (Anderson et al 1984). Anderson et al (1986) fed 10% (w/w) gum arabic (Acacia Senegal Gum) daily for 45 days to Wistar albino rats (99 to 120 g).…”

Section: Short-term Oral Toxicity Gum Arabicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In another study, Anderson et al (1984) fed four groups of five male albino Wistar rats (weights = 40 to 60 g) diets containing 0.5%, 1.5%, 2.5%, and 3.5% (w/w) gum arabic (Acacia Senegal Gum), respectively, daily for 91 days. A fifth group served as the negative control.…”

Section: Subchronic Oral Toxicity Gum Arabicmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Final Report of the Safety Assessment of Acacia Catechu Gum, Acacia Concinna Fruit Extract, Acacia Dealbata Leaf Extract, Acacia Dealbata Leaf Wax, Acacia Decurrens Extract, Acacia Farnesiana Extract, Acacia Farnesiana Flower Wax, Acacia Farnesiana Gum, Acacia Senegal Extract, Acacia Senegal Gum, and Acacia Senegal Gum Extract1

2005

Int J Toxicol

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These ingredients are derived from various species of the acacia plant. Only material derived from Acacia Senegal are in current use according to industry data. The concentration at which these ingredients are reported to be used ranges from 9 % in mascara to 0.0001 % in tonics, dressings, and other hair-grooming aids. Gum arabic is a technical name for Acacia Senegal Gum. Gum arable is comprised of various sugars and glucuronic acid residues in a long chain of galactosyl units with branched oligosaccharides. Gum arabic is generally recognized as safe as a direct food additive. Little information is available to characterize the extracts of other Acacia plant parts or material from other species. Acacia Concinna Fruit Extract was generally described as containing saponins, alkaloids, and malic acid with parabens and potassium sorbate added as preservatives. Cosmetic ingredient functions have been reported for Acacia Decurrens Extract (astringent; skin-conditioning agent—occlusive) and Acacia Farnesiana Extract (astringent), but not for the other Acacias included in this review. Tox-icity data on gum arabic indicates little or no acute, short-term, or subchronic toxicity. Gum arabic is negative in several genotoxicity assays, is not a reproductive or developmental toxin, and is not carcinogenic when given intraperitoneally or orally. Clinical testing indicated some evidence of skin sensitization with gum arabic. The extensive safety test data on gum arabic supports the safety of Acacia Senegal Gum and Acacia Senegal Gum Extract, and it was concluded that these two ingredients are safe as used in cosmetic formulations. It was not possible, however, to relate the data on gum arabic to the crude Acacias and their extracts from species other than Acacia Senegal. Therefore, the available data were considered insufficient to support the safety of Acacia Catechu Gum, Acacia Concinna Fruit Extract, Acacia Dealbata Leaf Extract, Acacia Dealbata Leaf Wax, Acacia Decurrens Extract, Acacia Farnesiana Extract, Acacia Farnesiana Flower Wax, Acacia Farnesiana Gum, and Acacia Senegal Extract in cosmetic products. The additional data needed to complete the safety assessment for these ingredients include (1) concentration of use; (2) identify the specific chemical constituents, and clarify the relationship between crude Acacias and their extracts and the Acacias and their extracts that are used as cosmetic ingredients; (3) data on contaminants, particularly relating to the presence of pesticide residues, and a determination of whether Acacia melanoxylon is used in cosmetics and whether acamelin (a quinone) and melacacidin (a flavin) are present in the Acacias that are being used; (4) skin sensitization study (i.e., dose response to be determined); (5) contact urticaria study at use concentration; and (6) ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectrum; if there is significant absorbance in the UVA or UVB range, then a photosensitization study may be needed. It was also noted that other data may be needed after clarification of the chemical constituents of the Acacia-derived ingredients.

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Gum Tragacanth (Astragalus gummiferLabillardiere)

Emam‐Djomeh

Fathi

Askari

2019

Emerging Natural Hydrocolloids

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Astragalus verus is one of best species for tragacanth production. The aim of this study was optimization of cell suspension culture in this plant. Materials and methodsFirst, the callus production was optimized then optimization of cell suspension was performed. The callus production experiment was conducted in a factorial arrangement with explants of root, hypocotyl and cotyledon in MS medium containing BAP in combination with 2,4-D and NAA. In experiment of cell suspension optimization, callus that derived from medium containing NAA and 2, 4-D were investigated using 16 hormonal treatments and three replications in a completely randomized design. Also, it was investigated the application of dark treatments, ascorbic acid, poly-vinyl pyrrolidone and EDTA iron chelate to avoid phenolic compounds. ‫)دوره‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺎورزي‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻮﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﻪ‬ 10 ‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ ، 4 ، ‫زﻣﺴﺘﺎن‬ 1397 ( ٢

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Transmission electron microscopy of heart and liver tissues from rats fed with gums arabic and tragacanth

Cited by 25 publications

References 12 publications

Green Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles by Gum Tragacanth (Astragalus gummifer): A Dual Functional Reductant and Stabilizer

Green Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles by Gum Tragacanth (Astragalus gummifer): A Dual Functional Reductant and Stabilizer

Gum Tragacanth (Astragalus gummiferLabillardiere)

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