Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) Study of the Oxide Layers Formed on Fe-12Cr-4Al Ferritic Alloy in an Oxygenated Pb-Bi Environment at 800°C

Corrosion resistance and microstructural stability of austenitic Fe–Cr–Al–Ni model alloys exposed to oxygen-containing molten lead

“…With appropriate Cr and Al or Si concentrations, these steels are protected by a continuous, thin and slowly growing oxide scale, when exposed to oxygen-containing molten Pb and LBE [46,47]. As aluminium is especially beneficial in mitigating corrosion and excessive oxidation, researchers have focused their interest on Al-containing F/M steels [48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58]. An experimental criterion concerning the minimum Al concentration in Fe-Cr-Al-based ferritic alloys (C Al), valid for the chromium content (CCr) in the range 10-25 wt.%, was defined for the temperature range 400°C to 600°C: CAl = 15.3 -0.81 (CCr) + 0.0156 (CCr) 2 [wt.%] [59].…”

“…An experimental criterion concerning the minimum Al concentration in Fe-Cr-Al-based ferritic alloys (C Al), valid for the chromium content (CCr) in the range 10-25 wt.%, was defined for the temperature range 400°C to 600°C: CAl = 15.3 -0.81 (CCr) + 0.0156 (CCr) 2 [wt.%] [59]. The effectiveness of Al addition was also proved up to 800°C, where Al-containing alloys, demonstrated excellent corrosion resistance [56][57][58]. However, the minimum Al and Cr concentration required to form protective slowly growing oxide scales can negatively impact the workability and mechanical properties (especially ductility) of the steels [60,61].…”

Environmental degradation of structural materials in liquid lead- and lead-bismuth eutectic-cooled reactors

“…The excellent LMC resistance of Al/Si-containing Fe-Cr ferritic steels and Fe-Cr-Ni AuSS has been demonstrated in many studies [111,132,207,214,236,238,245,246,248,250,[592][593][594][595][597][598][599][600][601][602][603][604][605][606][607][608][609]. In particular, AFA stainless steels with a suggested nominal composition of Fe-(20-29)Ni-(15.2-16.5)Cr-(2.3-4.3)Al (all in wt%) might exhibit good resistance to both LMC and LME, since these steels are effectively passivated by the formation of Cr 2 O 3 and Cr 2 O 3 -Al 2 O 3 oxide scales, and they show little susceptibility to LME due to their fcc crystal structure [593,610].…”