Transmission Lines Terminated With LC Resonators for Differential Permittivity Sensing

Ebrahimi, Amir; Scott, James R.; Ghorbani, Kamran

doi:10.1109/lmwc.2018.2875996

Cited by 129 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Recently, a new class of microwave sensors have been developed with inherent robustness with respect to the cross-sensitivity. This class of sensors are called differential sensors [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. In the differential sensors, variations in the ambient factors are seen as a common mode input.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The differential sensors using the cross-mode S-parameters presented in [32][33][34] show a very high sensitivity to the variations in the loss tangents of the samples under test, as the cross-mode S-parameters levels are very sensitive to the loss tangent of the samples. Generally, the frequency splitting differential sensors in [35][36][37][38][39] are more appropriate for low loss dielectrics as the resonance frequency shows a high sensitivity to the variations in the real part of the permittivity. The differential sensors in [32][33][34] are four port devices thereby requiring a more complicated measurement setup.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accurate design of the splitter/combiner feedlines are required to achieve optimum sensitivity in [37,38]. In addition, a large spacing is required between the sensing elements in [39] to avoid coupling and sensing degradation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microwave Differential Frequency Splitting Sensor Using Magnetic-LC Resonators

Ebrahimi

Beziuk

Scott

et al. 2020

Sensors

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A differential microwave permittivity sensor and comparator is designed using a microstrip transmission line loaded with a magnetic-LC resonator. The microstrip transmission line is aligned with the electric wall of the resonator. The sensor shows a single transmission zero, when it is unloaded or loaded symmetrically on both halves. A second notch appears in the transmission response by asymmetrical dielectric loading on the two halves of the device. The frequency splitting is used to characterize the dielectric properties of the samples under test. The sensitivity of the sensor is enhanced by removing the mutual coupling between the two halves of the magnetic-LC resonator using a metallic wall. The sensors’ operation principle is explained through a circuit model analysis. A prototype of the designed sensor is fabricated and measurements are used for validation of the sensing concept. The sensor can be used for determination of the dielectric properties in solid materials or detecting defects and impurities in solid materials through a comparative measurement with a reference sample.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Microwave Differential Frequency Splitting Sensor Using Magnetic-LC Resonators

Ebrahimi

Beziuk

Scott

et al. 2020

Sensors

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although, typically, differential-mode sensors involve four-port measurements (these sensors are four-port devices), it has been demonstrated that by adding extra (microwave) circuitry, differential sensing by means of two-port devices (and measurements) can be achieved [68,69]. In [69], the differential sensor works in reflection (other reflective-mode sensors have been reported [70], also including single-ended sensors [71]). The sensor reported in [72] is also remarkable, where symmetry truncation in a pair of slotted resonators generates quasi-microstrip to slot-mode conversion, useful for sensing.…”

Section: Classification Of Planar Microwave Resonant Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planar Microwave Resonant Sensors: A Review and Recent Developments

et al. 2020

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Microwave sensors based on electrically small planar resonant elements are reviewed in this paper. By virtue of the high sensitivity of such resonators to the properties of their surrounding medium, particularly the dielectric constant and the loss factor, these sensors are of special interest (although not exclusive) for dielectric characterization of solids and liquids, and for the measurement of material composition. Several sensing strategies are presented, with special emphasis on differential-mode sensors. The main advantages and limitations of such techniques are discussed, and several prototype examples are reported, mainly including sensors for measuring the dielectric properties of solids, and sensors based on microfluidics (useful for liquid characterization and liquid composition). The proposed sensors have high potential for application in real scenarios (including industrial processes and characterization of biosamples).

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“…L is the equivalent inductance of the microstrip transmission line, R is the resistance of the CSRR, and C is the coupling capacitance between the CSRR and the microstrip transmission line. Those parameters can be extracted by an LC circuit with a model of a bandpass filter [26][27][28]. The calculated lumped parameters are presented in Table 1.…”

Section: Theoretical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Loading Multiple Complementary Open Resonant Rings (CSRRs) for Dielectric Constant Measurement

Hao

Wang

2020

Sensors

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In order to solve the low-sensitivity problem of the dielectric constant with the resonant cavity method, a sensor based on a substrate-integrated waveguide structure loaded with a multi-complementary open resonant ring is proposed. With the enhanced resonance characteristics of the sensor, this design realized the measurement of complex dielectric constants in a wide range. The frequency selectivity of the sensor is improved by the high-quality factor of the substrate-integrated waveguide. By loading three complementary resonant rings with different opening directions in the ground plane, a deeper notch and better out-of-band suppression are achieved. The effect of the complex dielectric constant on both resonant frequency and quality factor is discussed by calculating the material under test with a known dielectric constant. Simulation and experimental results show that a resonance frequency offset of 102 MHz for the per unit dielectric constant is achieved. A wide frequency offset is the prerequisite for accurate measurement. The measurement results of four plates match well with the standard values, with a relative error of the real part of the dielectric constant of less than 2% and an error of less than 0.0099 for the imaginary part.

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Transmission Lines Terminated With LC Resonators for Differential Permittivity Sensing

Cited by 129 publications

References 12 publications

Microwave Differential Frequency Splitting Sensor Using Magnetic-LC Resonators

Microwave Differential Frequency Splitting Sensor Using Magnetic-LC Resonators

Planar Microwave Resonant Sensors: A Review and Recent Developments

Design of Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Loading Multiple Complementary Open Resonant Rings (CSRRs) for Dielectric Constant Measurement

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