“…Several mathematical and meta-heuristic optimization methods have been applied to solve the TEP problem. These techniques include: bender’s decomposition (Jabr, 2013), linear programming, branch and bound (Ghaddar and Jabr, 2020), firefly algorithm (Balachennaiah et al , 2018), ant colony (Leite Da Silva et al , 2010), particle swarm optimization (Fathy et al , 2017), genetic algorithm (Moradi et al , 2016) and tabu search (Chatthaworn and Chaitusaney, 2014). In Ude et al (2019), a survey on the TEP optimization algorithm was presented.…”