Transmission of barley yellow dwarf virus by field collected aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) and their relative importance in barley yellow dwarf epidemiology in southwestern Idaho

Abstract

Populations of cereal aphids were sampled from 1985-1988 and assayed for transmission of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV). Rhopalosiphum padi, Rhopalosiphum rnaidis, Sitobion avenue, Metopolophiurn dirhodum, Schizaphis graminurn and Macrosiphum euphorbiae collected from host plants transmitted BYDV in bioassays. Of the 1028 Diuraphis noxia collected from plants, one may have transmitted BYDV. The isolate involved resembled SGV in serological and biological characteristics, but since it was not recoverable by any of more than 800 D . noxia subsequently tested, we suspect it may have been a contaminant.Among those aphids collected during the autumn from a suction trap adapted for live collection, R. padi transmitted BYDV most frequently. Other trapped species which transmitted BYDV included: R. maidis, Rhopalosiphum insertum, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Metopolophiurn dirhodum and Ceruraphis eriophori. An adapted Infectivity Index indicated that R. padi is by far the most important vector of BYDV during the autumn sowing season in southwestern Idaho. Male R. padi consistently transmitted BYDV more frequently than did females collected during the same period.

Species Composition of Aphid Vectors (Hemiptera: Aphididae) of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus and Cereal Yellow Dwarf Virus in Alabama and Western Florida

“…This percentage is in close agreement with the Þndings of Chapin et al (2001) and Halbert et al (1992a), who found that Ϸ3% of Þeld collected aphids were viruliferous over a 3-and 4-yr study, respectively.…”

“…Despite being an efÞcient vector of Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV and Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV (Gray et al 1998), R. rufiabdominale from South Carolina was not considered an important vector of yellow dwarf viruses due to the absence of correlation between R. rufiabdominale population and yellow dwarf incidence (Chapin et al 2001). However, surveys of aphid vectors of yellow dwarf viruses in the United States showed that R. padi density is usually correlated with Barley yellow dwarf virus Þeld incidences (Halbert and Pike 1985, Halbert et al 1992a, Chapin et al 2001. In this study the frequency of viruliferous vector detection is too low to establish the relative importance of each species as yellow dwarf virus vectors in our area of study, but it is clear that both aphids are capable of introducing Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV and Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV into wheat Þelds in Alabama and western Florida.…”

“…The infectivity assay was conducted as described by Chapin et al (2001) and Halbert et al (1992a). Each collected aphid was placed directly into a capped glass tube containing a 7Ð14-d-old ÔCalifornia RedÕ oat (Advena sativa L.) seedling on a moist substrate.…”

“…In a few reported cases, dominant yellow dwarf virus species changed between years at the same location (Rochow 1979) or important aphid vectors varied between adjacent regions (Forster et al 1990, Halbert et al 1992a.…”

Crop Disease and Pest Monitoring by Remote Sensing

“…It is reported that average densities over 20 aphids per plant can cause substantial losses of yield and quality of wheat (Basky & Fónagy, 2003). There are also indirect damages including excretion of honeydew from aphids and as a vector of viruses, most notably two strains of the Luteovirus Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV-MAV and BYDV-PAV) (Susan et al, 1992). To prevent the occurrence and prevalence of aphid, large amounts of insecticides are used, causing environment pollution.…”