Transmission of classical swine fever. A review

The classical swine fever virus N-terminal protease Npro binds to cellular HAX-1

“…Transplacental infection, during the second trimester of pregnancy, with viral strains of low virulence often results in persistently infected piglets. These piglets are immunotolerant and may survive for a long time, persistently shedding the virus until a late onset of disease occurs and the animals die (Ribbens et al, 2004). We suggest that it is feasible that, to ensure efficient viral replication, the CSFV N pro product targets the apoptotic response through its interaction with HAX-1.…”

Modelling the spread of Swine Vesicular Disease Virus and Vesicular Stomatitis Virus in an area of livestock units without any control measures and measurement of consequential impact resulting from an assumed introduction into one livestock farm

“…is capable of spreading disease. Reflecting literature, the model differentiates the known modes of virus transmission (Staubach et al, 1997;Stegeman et al, 2002;Ribbens et al, 2004): Distance-dependent or local transmission refers to all processes that cause decreasing risk by distance in the vicinity of an outbreak farm (e.g. rodents, children, farmer's movement etc.)…”

“…Distance-independent or regional transmission refers to routes by which the risk of transmission does not depend on close proximity (truck or service personal moving around (Ribbens et al, 2004)). Regional transmission only occurs between farms containing the same species of livestock.…”

Application of a Commercial Real-Time RT-PCR Assay for Surveillance of Classical Swine Fever: Evaluation by Testing Sequential Tissue and Blood Samples

“…During previous outbreaks it has been shown that the early detection of the primary classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infected herd is crucial to minimise the size of an outbreak and to control the disease in large and dense pig populations [1,3]. As long as it remains undetected, the virus can spread freely in the susceptible pig population by direct animal contact and vehicle-borne indirect transmission (people, equipment, vehicles, artificial insemination,…) [4,5].…”