Transmission of Ebola virus (Zaire strain) to uninfected control monkeys in a biocontainment laboratory

Jaax, Nancy K.; Jahrling, Peter B.; Geisbert, Thomas W.; Geisbert, Joan B.; Steele, Keith; McKee, Kelly T.; Nagley, D.; Johnson, E. D.; Jaax, Gerald P.; Peters, C. J.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(95)92841-3

Cited by 158 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

100

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Transmission of EBOV can occur through direct contact with blood or bodily secretions from an infected individual, and evidence of aerosol transmission has been reported in laboratory conditions (2). The primary difficulty for patients with EBOV infection is the failure of the immune system to react to this fastmoving disease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A nonreplicating subunit vaccine protects mice against lethal Ebola virus challenge

Phoolcharoen

Dye

Kilbourne

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ebola hemorrhagic fever is an acute and often deadly disease caused by Ebola virus (EBOV). The possible intentional use of this virus against human populations has led to design of vaccines that could be incorporated into a national stockpile for biological threat reduction. We have evaluated the immunogenicity and efficacy of an EBOV vaccine candidate in which the viral surface glycoprotein is biomanufactured as a fusion to a monoclonal antibody that recognizes an epitope in glycoprotein, resulting in the production of Ebola immune complexes (EICs). Although antigen–antibody immune complexes are known to be efficiently processed and presented to immune effector cells, we found that codelivery of the EIC with Toll-like receptor agonists elicited a more robust antibody response in mice than did EIC alone. Among the compounds tested, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (PIC, a Toll-like receptor 3 agonist) was highly effective as an adjuvant agent. After vaccinating mice with EIC plus PIC, 80% of the animals were protected against a lethal challenge with live EBOV (30,000 LD 50 of mouse adapted virus). Surviving animals showed a mixed Th1/Th2 response to the antigen, suggesting this may be important for protection. Survival after vaccination with EIC plus PIC was statistically equivalent to that achieved with an alternative viral vector vaccine candidate reported in the literature. Because nonreplicating subunit vaccines offer the possibility of formulation for cost-effective, long-term storage in biothreat reduction repositories, EIC is an attractive option for public health defense measures.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A nonreplicating subunit vaccine protects mice against lethal Ebola virus challenge

Phoolcharoen

Dye

Kilbourne

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Previous outbreaks have been geographically restricted, but the potential exists for more widespread outbreaks because of the current ease of world travel. Natural outbreaks and laboratory studies indicate the potential for aerosol transmission of these viruses (2)(3)(4)(5). A vaccine against filoviruses is needed that protects against a natural or nosocomial outbreak, laboratory accident, or malevolent airborne attack.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ebola virus-like particles protect from lethal Ebola virus infection

Warfield

Bosio

Welcher

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

229

258

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The filovirus Ebola causes hemorrhagic fever with 70 -80% human mortality. High case-fatality rates, as well as known aerosol infectivity, make Ebola virus a potential global health threat and possible biological warfare agent. Development of an effective vaccine for use in natural outbreaks, response to biological attack, and protection of laboratory workers is a higher national priority than ever before. Coexpression of the Ebola virus glycoprotein (GP) and matrix protein (

show abstract

“…Stability as a respirable aerosol concomitant with the ability to induce infection by aerosol is one important criterion for weaponization [89]. While the role of aerogenic transmission in EBOV outbreaks is unknown and thought to be uncommon [90], EBOV is moderately stable in aerosol [91] and intercage transmission, suggesting mediation by small-particle aerosols, has been documented [92]. Notably, EBOV is highly infectious by aerosol exposure in rhesus macaques [93,94].…”

Section: Expert Opinionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a vaccine against Ebola virus

Geisbert¹,

Jahrling²

2003

Expert Review of Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ebola virus infection causes hemorrhagic fever with high mortality rates in humans and nonhuman primates. Currently, there are no vaccines or therapies approved for human use. Outbreaks of Ebola virus have been infrequent, largely confined to remote locations in Africa and quarantine of sick patients has been effective in controlling epidemics. In the past, this small global market has generated little commercial interest for developing an Ebola virus vaccine. However, heightened awareness of bioterrorism advanced by the events surrounding September 11, 2001, concomitant with knowledge that the former Soviet Union was evaluating Ebola virus as a weapon, has dramatically changed perspectives regarding the need for a vaccine against Ebola virus. This review takes a brief historic look at attempts to develop an efficacious vaccine, provides an overview of current vaccine candidates and highlights strategies that have the greatest potential for commercial development. Ebola virus (EBOV) has gained public notoriety in the last decade largely as a result of the enormous interest and alarm generated by the news media. This attention is primarily a consequence of the highly publicized isolation of EBOV in a suburb of Washington, DC., in 1989 coupled with its high case-fatality rate (near 90% in some outbreaks), unusual and striking morphology and its dramatic clinical presentation and lack of effective specific treatment. Progress in understanding the origins of the pathophysiological changes that make EBOV infections of humans so devastating have been slow, primarily because these viruses require biosafety level (BSL)-4 containment for safe research.EBOV infections are usually the most severe of the viruses that cause hemorrhagic fever (HF). Clinical symptoms appear suddenly after an incubation period of 2 to 21 days [1]. Common presenting complaints include high fever, chills, malaise and myalgia [2][3][4][5][6][7]. As the disease progresses, there is evidence of multisystemic involvement and manifestations include prostration, anorexia, vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, shortness of breath, sore throat, edema, confusion and coma [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Petechiae, ecchymoses, mucosal hemorrhages and uncontrolled bleeding at venipuncture sites are notable observations [2][3][4][5][6][7]. The presence of a maculopapular rash is a prominent feature [2][3][4][5][6][7] but is not pathognomonic for EBOV HF. Fulminant EBOV infection typically evolves to shock, convulsions and, in most cases, diffuse coagulopathy ensues [2][3][4][5][6][7]. It should be noted that evidence of asymptomatic Ebola infection was documented in a small group of individuals during a recent outbreak [8] but the clinical and epidemiological relevance of this observation, at this time, is uncertain. Genetics & viral proteinsThe family Filoviridae is comprised of two genera: Marburgvirus (MARV) and Ebolavirus (EBOV). The Ebolavirus genus is further subdivided into four distinct species: Ivory Coast ebolavirus (ICEBOV), Reston Ebolavirus (REBOV), Su...

show abstract

Transmission of Ebola virus (Zaire strain) to uninfected control monkeys in a biocontainment laboratory

Cited by 158 publications

References 6 publications

A nonreplicating subunit vaccine protects mice against lethal Ebola virus challenge

A nonreplicating subunit vaccine protects mice against lethal Ebola virus challenge

Ebola virus-like particles protect from lethal Ebola virus infection

Towards a vaccine against Ebola virus

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About