Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus 2 Months Prior to Hepatitis Surface Antigen Positivity of Donor Blood

Meisel, Helga; Endres, Anne–Sophie; Walter, H.; Wend, Ulrike C.; Gerlich, Wolfram H.

doi:10.1159/000074288

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…There also have been well‐documented cases of donors testing confirmed HBsAg‐positive after hepatitis B vaccination, which has led to policies to defer donors for 3‐4 weeks after vaccination 21‐25 . Finally, it must be appreciated that HBsAg will not be detectable at the beginning and end of the disease process even though infectious HBV DNA may be present 26‐28 …”

Section: Current Molecular Biology Of Hbv and Diagnostic Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hepatitis B virus infection and transfusion medicine: science and the occult

2008

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Section: Current Molecular Biology Of Hbv and Diagnostic Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[21][22][23][24][25] Finally, it must be appreciated that HBsAg will not be detectable at the beginning and end of the disease process even though infectious HBV DNA may be present. [26][27][28]…”

Section: Hbsag Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B virus infection and transfusion medicine: science and the occult

2008

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“…org.uk) and many European countries are now also screened for HCV RNA by nucleic acid amplification technology (NAT). Similarly, HBV may be transmitted through blood donation in the absence of HBsAg (Meisel et al 2003) The post mortem degradation of the viral genome and production of 'inhibitors' which interfere with the detection of viral nucleic acid, and presence of bacterial DNase and RNase may be dependent on the time of sampling after death (Stanworth et al 2000). Previous studies have indicated that when samples from known AIDS patients taken before and after death were tested by PCR for HIV, specificity was high but sensitivity low (Burtonboye and Delloye 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in the Testing of Non-Heart-Beating Cadavers for Viral Markers: Implications for the Safety of Tissue Donors

Padley

Ferguson

Warwick³

et al. 2005

Cell Tissue Banking

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Natural changes that occur in blood and tissue after death may result in false positive results in antigen and antibody detection tests performed to identify markers of viral infection in potential tissue donors. Such tissue, which might otherwise be acceptable for therapeutic purposes, would not meet current standards for safe tissue banking. This is especially important in the context of insufficiency in the tissue supply. In this study, a series of blood samples collected during routine post-mortem examination was assayed using a range of commercially available kits for the detection of HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-HIV 1 + 2 antibody/antigen. Results of tests on 104 samples collected from 97 individuals indicate that some kits result in a higher number of initial reactive samples than others. Approximately 40% of samples were reactive in one or more HBsAg assay, less than 10% in at least one anti-HIV kit and only 1 sample at low level on an anti-HCV kit. Liver or lymph node samples from individuals whose serum sample gave reactive results in antigen/antibody assays were tested for viral nucleic acid in the corresponding nucleic acid amplification test. Only one individual's sample was confirmed to test positive for HBsAg in a confirmatory neutralisation test and by nucleic acid amplification technology, and a second individual whose serum was scored reactive for anti-HCV, but negative for HBsAg, had a liver sample which was HBV DNA positive and HCV RNA negative. The results of the study indicate that antibody/antigen assays are not as specific as NAT using state of the art DNA extraction techniques. Both types of assay complement each other and used together will help assure the safety of tissues for transplantation.

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“…HBV ist, solange HBeAg vorliegt und keine Therapie erfolgt, genetisch sehr stabil, sodass schon kleine Sequenzunterschiede gegen einen Zusammenhang sprechen.Aufgrund dieser ausgeprägten Stabilität liegt bei einem Großteil der deutschen HBV-Träger eine völlig identische S-Gen-Sequenz des Genotyps A vor ( [13,14] und nicht publizierte eigene Ergebnisse). Bei 3 nosokomialen Über-tragungen dieser HBV-Variante war daher die Zusammenhangsfrage nur durch Verlaufsbeobachtungen und Anti-HBcSerokonversionen bzw.…”

Section: Erkennung Von Hbv-übertragungenunclassified

“…IgM-Anti-HBcMessungen eruierbar. Es handelte sich um 6 Patienten, die von einem Herzchirurgen infiziert wurden [13], um eine Blutempfängerin [14] und um einen HBV-Ausbruch bei 15 Heimbewohnern durch Hygienefehler bei Blutentnahmen bzw. Injektionen (M. Monazahian, W. Gerlich, nicht publiziert).…”

Section: Erkennung Von Hbv-übertragungenunclassified

Hepatitis B und C

Gerlich

2004

Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschu

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Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV, HCV) cause chronic infections and high viremia which often remain undetected. Health care workers have an elevated risk of acquiring HBV or HCV when performing exposure-prone procedures and transmitting these viruses to patients. The extent of viremia varies considerably in different carriers and the risk of transmission is different for the various procedures. According to reports from the last 15 years, highly viremic HBV carriers with HBeAg transmit the virus on average to 4% of their patients when performing operations with high risk of injuries. HBeAg-negative surgeons with a viremia between 10(6) and 10(7) HBV DNA molecules/ml transmit to 1.5% of the patients. The absence of reports on proven transmission caused by viremia <10(5) molecules/ml suggests a residual risk below 1:100,000 that a surgeon with lower virus load transmits to one patient within 15 years. Eight cases were reported where HCV-infected surgeons transmitted the virus to 0.15% of their patients (17/11,119) and had (as far as tested) around 10(6) HCV RNA molecules/ml or more. Current recommendations of the relevant professional associations and institutions require vaccination of medical staff against HBV with control of immunity, regular examinations of staff for HCV, and in cases of missing immunity for HBV. Infected staff with viremia must either abstain from exposure-prone procedures or have a decision from an expert committee on the acceptability of such procedures in view of the individual infection status.

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Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus 2 Months Prior to Hepatitis Surface Antigen Positivity of Donor Blood

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

Hepatitis B virus infection and transfusion medicine: science and the occult

Hepatitis B virus infection and transfusion medicine: science and the occult

Challenges in the Testing of Non-Heart-Beating Cadavers for Viral Markers: Implications for the Safety of Tissue Donors

Hepatitis B und C

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