Transmission of hepatitis C by blood splash into conjunctiva in a nurse

Hoşoğlu, Salih; Çelen, Mustafa Kemal; Akalın, Şerife; Geyik, Mehmet Faruk; Soyoral, Yasemin Usul; Kara, İsmail Hamdi

doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2003.03.005

Cited by 85 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, it is important to emphasize the fact that, although the largest proportion of HCV transmission to health care workers in our study occurred through percutaneous injuries, case reports have documented transmission of HCV as a result of splashes of blood from infected patients onto health care workers' mucous membranes [26][27][28]. Consequently, one should not reject mucocutaneous exposures as a potential source of HCV transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Risk Factors for Hepatitis C Virus Transmission to Health Care Workers after Occupational Exposure: A European Case-Control Study

Yazdanpanah

Carli

Migueres³

et al. 2005

Clinical Infectious Diseases

158

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Background. Additional studies are required to identify risk factors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission to health care workers after occupational exposure to HCV.Methods. We conducted a matched case-control study in 5 European countries from 1 January 1991 through 31 December 2002. Case patients were health care workers who experienced seroconversion after percutaneous or mucocutaneous exposure to HCV. Control subjects were HCV-exposed health care workers who did not experience seroconversion and were matched with case patients for center and period of exposure.Results. Sixty case patients and 204 control subjects were included in the study. All case patients were exposed to HCV-infected fluids through percutaneous injuries. The 37 case patients for whom information was available were exposed to viremic source patients. As risk factors for HCV infection, multivariate analysis identified needle placement in a source patient's vein or artery (odds ratio [OR], 100.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.3-1365.7), deep injury (OR, 155.2; 95% CI, 7.1-3417.2), and sex of the health care worker (OR for male vs. female, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.0-10.0). Source patient HCV load was not introduced in the multivariate model. In unmatched univariate analysis, the risk of HCV transmission increased 11-fold for health care workers exposed to source patients with a viral load 16 log 10 copies/mL (95% CI, 1.1-114.1), compared with exposures to source patients with a viral load р4 log 10 copies/mL.Conclusion. In this study, HCV occupational transmission was found to occur after percutaneous exposures. The risk of HCV transmission after percutaneous exposure increased with deep injuries and procedures involving hollow-bore needle placement in the source patient's vein or artery. These results highlight the need for widespread adoption of needlestick-prevention devices in health care settings, together with other preventive measures.Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important occupational hazard for health care workers. In longitudinal studies, attempts have been made to assess

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Risk Factors for Hepatitis C Virus Transmission to Health Care Workers after Occupational Exposure: A European Case-Control Study

Yazdanpanah

Carli

Migueres³

et al. 2005

Clinical Infectious Diseases

158

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“…With regard to hepatitis C, after percutaneous contact with contaminated blood, there is a risk rate ranging from 0% to 7%, with a mean of 1.8% 15 . Other forms of transmission involving HCV carriers have been described elsewhere, such as contact between contaminated blood and skin or the ocular mucosa 16,17 , or even in the absence of direct contact, as experienced by cleaning personnel working in hospital environments 18 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for hepatitis C virus transmission in the municipality of Catanduva, State of São Paulo: a case-control study

Rosa

Martinelli

Passos

2014

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is primarily transmitted via contact with the blood of infected patients, although the form of contact has not been identifi ed for a signifi cant percentage of carriers. The present study evaluated possible risk factors for HCV transmission in a medium-sized town located in the northwest region of the State of São Paulo. Methods: This was a case-control study, with the case group consisting of 190 chronic HCV carriers older than 18 years residing in the municipality of Catanduva. The control group also consisted of 190 individuals with HCV-negative serology. The groups were paired (1:1) for gender, age range (± fi ve years), and place of residence. The same structured questionnaire was applied to all subjects, who gave written informed consent to participate in the study. The data were statistically analyzed using crude and adjusted logistic regression, and the results were expressed as odds ratios with a 95% confi dence interval. Results: The demographic profi les of the groups indicated a predominance of males (68.9%) and mean ages of 47.1 years (case group) and 47.3 years (control group). After adjusting for conditional regression, the following factors were found to represent risks for HCV: history of sexually transmitted disease (STD) and blood transfusion; accidents with syringes and/or needles; tattoos; and the use of non-injectable drugs and injectable medications. Conclusions: The transmission of HCV via the blood route has been well characterized. Other forms of contact with human blood and/or secretions are likely to transmit the virus, although with a lower frequency of occurrence.

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“…18,19 Most episodes of eye and other mucosal contamination described in the incidents within this study could not have been anticipated as they occurred during unplanned ventilator disconnections or as a consequence of pressurising syringes. However, the lack of protective equipment used is perhaps a concern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

An analysis of patient safety incident reports describing injuries to staff working in critical care in the North West of England between 2009 and 2013

Thomas

Horner

Taylor

2015

Journal of the Intensive Care Society

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Background Critical care environments are potentially high-risk areas for staff harm due to procedural demand and increased incidence of delirium/dependence. The principal types of harm and temporal trends have not yet been quantified. Methods Retrospective analysis of a multicentre dataset prospectively collected over a five-year period. All patient safety incidents reported to a regional network project were analysed; those recorded as staff harm were extracted, quantified and assessed by thematic analysis to identify key areas of harm, temporal trends and incident rates. Results Staff harm accounted for 7% of all reported patient safety incidents over the study period. Incident rates remained static, ranging annually from 2.6 to 3.7 episodes/1000 patient days. Assaults on staff accounted for the highest proportional contribution on thematic analysis, which was a consistent annual finding. Sharps injuries and manual handling incidents were also notable contributions. Temporal trends for each theme remained static over the study period implying limited reduction in staff harm despite implementation of national guidance and local initiatives. Conclusion Staff harm is a consistent issue for those working in critical care. Assaults on staff appear to be the highest contributor on thematic analysis. These data imply significant reduction in harm can still be achieved and can be used to design and implement interventional measures.

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Transmission of hepatitis C by blood splash into conjunctiva in a nurse

Cited by 85 publications

References 16 publications

Risk Factors for Hepatitis C Virus Transmission to Health Care Workers after Occupational Exposure: A European Case-Control Study

Risk Factors for Hepatitis C Virus Transmission to Health Care Workers after Occupational Exposure: A European Case-Control Study

Risk factors for hepatitis C virus transmission in the municipality of Catanduva, State of São Paulo: a case-control study

An analysis of patient safety incident reports describing injuries to staff working in critical care in the North West of England between 2009 and 2013

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