Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus Infection to Tree Shrews

Abstract

Although hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can be reproduced in chimpanzees, these animals are rare and expensive. Tree shrews (tupaias) are small animals, closely related to primates, which adapt easily to a laboratory environment. In this work we have investigated the susceptibility of Tupaia belangeri chinensis to HCV infection. Tupaias caught in the wild in Yunnan (China) were inoculated in China with HCV genotype 1b (study A) and in Spain with a mixture of genotypes 1b, 1a, and 3 (study B). In study B tupaias were divided into three groups: group I was inoculated without previous manipulation, group II received 750 cGy of X-ray whole-body irradiation before inoculation, and group III was used as control. Transient or intermittent viremia occurred in 34.8% (8/23) and anti-HCV in 30.4% (7/23) of tupaias in study A. In study B a transient viremia was detected in 20% (2/10) in group I and in 50% (2/4) in group II. Anti-HCV was found in 1 tupaia from group I and in 3 from group II: Viremia lasted for longer and anti-HCV tended to reach higher titers in animals which received total body irradiation. ALT elevations and nonspecific pathological changes occurred in inoculated tupaias; however, the wild nature of the animals precludes the interpretation of these changes as solely due to HCV infection. In summary our results show that T.b. chinensis are susceptible to HCV and that whole-body irradiation may possibly increase the efficiency of the infection. These animals may serve as an in vivo system for culturing HCV and addressing pathophysiological and therapeutic issues of HCV infection.

Hepatitis B virus mutations associated with fulminant hepatitis induce apoptosis in primary Tupaia hepatocytes†

“…Tupaia belangeri has been shown to be susceptible to infection with a variety of human viruses, including rotavirus, herpes simplex virus, and hepatitis B and C viruses. [21][22][23][24] We and others have demonstrated that primary Tupaia hepatocytes (PTHs) represent a convenient and suitable in vitro model to study HBV infection and replication. [25][26][27] In this study, we demonstrate that HBV core promoter mutants associated with fulminant hepatitis exhibit a phenotype in primary hepatocytes distinctly different from previous findings in hepatoma cell lines.…”

<i>Tupaia Belangeri</i> as an Experimental Animal Model for Viral Infection

“…To increase the susceptibility of tupaia to hCV infection and to develop a sensitive hCV infection model, these differences between hCV infection in tupaias and humans should be examined in future. hCV infection studies in tupaias have been examined using x-rays [41] and metabolic analysis [31], and the efficacy of natural products for treating hCV-infected tupaia has also been evaluated [39]. several groups have successfully infected tupaias with hBV, as follows.…”

Experimental models to study the immunobiology of hepatitis C virus

“…Interestingly, the tree shrew Tupaia belangeri can be infected by HCV, although the viral titres remain low (Amako et al, 2010;Xie et al, 1998;Xu et al, 2007;Zhao et al, 2002). HCV-infected tree shrews produce infectious viral particles and, interestingly, can develop chronic hepatitis leading to fibrosis and cirrhosis (Amako et al, 2010).…”