Transmission of hepatitis D virus between spouses: A longitudinal study of the first reported Canadian case

Osiowy, Carla; Andonov, Anton; Fonseca, Kevin; Swidinsky, Ken; Giles, Elizabeth; Mason, Andrew L.; Coffin, Carla S.

doi:10.1016/j.idcr.2017.03.001

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The complete sequence from patient no. HDV-14 showed high similarity (94%) with that from a Mongolian individual living in Canada [ 34 ]. Although the patients' blood samples were not available, these findings suggest that nails can also be useful to identify the source of HDV infection.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signature of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in nails and hair

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is detected in extrahepatic tissues of individuals with HBV infection. Whether nails and hair contain HBV has been unknown. Methods We examined two patient groups: those with chronic HBV infection alone (n = 71), and those with both chronic HBV and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infections (n = 15). HBV DNA in the patients’ fingernails and hair were measured by real-time PCR. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) of fingernails was evaluated by an enzyme immunoassay. HDV RNA in fingernails was measured by real-time PCR. Immunochemical staining was performed on nails. We used chimeric mice with humanized livers to evaluate the infectivity of nails. Results Of the 71 pairs of HBV-alone nail and hair samples, 70 (99%) nail and 60 (85%) hair samples were positive for β-actin DNA. Of those 70 nail samples, 65 (93%) were HBV DNA-positive. Of the 60 hair samples, 49 (82%) were HBV DNA-positive. The serum HBV DNA level of the nail HBV DNA-positive patients was significantly higher than that of the nail HBV DNA-negative patients (p < 0.001). The hair HBV DNA-positive patients’ serum HBV DNA level was significantly higher compared to the hair HBV DNA-negative patients (p < 0.001). The nail HBV DNA level was significantly higher than the hair HBV DNA level (p < 0.001). The nails and hair HBV DNA levels were correlated (r = 0.325, p < 0.05). A phylogenetic tree analysis of the complete genome sequence of HBV isolated from nails and hair identified the infection source. Of the 64 nail samples, 38 (59%) were HBsAg-positive. All 15 pairs of chronic HBV/HDV infection nail and hair samples were β-actin DNA-positive. However, nail HBV DNA was detected in two patients (13%). None of the 15 patients were positive for hair HBV DNA. Nail HDV RNA was detected in three patients (20%). Of the 15 patients, eight (53%) were nail HBsAg-positive. HBsAg and hepatitis delta (HD) antigen were detected in the nails by immunochemical staining. Chimeric mice were not infected with PBS containing HBsAg and HBV DNA elucidated from nails. Conclusions Nails and hair were the reservoir of HBV DNA. Moreover, nails can contain HBsAg, HDV RNA, and HD antigen.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signature of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in nails and hair

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…HDV-RNA testing was performed at National Microbiology Laboratory (NML), Winnipeg. Quantitative HDV RNA was measured by real-time RT-PCR method (linear range of 3.1 log10 to 10.4 log10 copies/mL ( 11 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic cytokine and viral antigen-specific responses in hepatitis D virus RNA positive versus HDV RNA negative patients

Joshi,

Sadler,

Patel

et al. 2023

Front. Med.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV)/Hepatitis D Virus (HDV) co-infection increases the risk of severe liver disease compared to HBV mono-infection. Adaptive immune responses to HDV are weakly detectable, and the involvement of innate immunity in the progression of HDV-related liver fibrosis is suggested. We hypothesize that an overall innate immune activation in HBV/HDV co-infection plays a role in liver disease progression and also impacts virus specific T cell response.MethodsSixteen HBV/HDV-co-infected-patients (median age 42y/7F/6 Asian/4 White/6 Black/15 HBeAg-) and 8 HBV monoinfected-patients (median age 39y/4F/4 Asian/3 Black/1 White/HBeAg-) with median follow-up of 5 years were enrolled. Liver fibrosis was assessed by liver stiffness measurement (LSM, FibroScan®). Proliferation of CD3 + CD4+ T cells in response to viral antigens using CFSE assays and cytokine secreting monocytes was analyzed by flow cytometry.ResultsOf 16 HBV/HDV, 11 were HDV-RNA+ (HBV-DNA 0–1,040 IU/mL), 5/11 Interferon (IFN) + Nucleos/tide Analog (NA), 3/11 NA monotherapy, median ALT 77 U/L at the time of sample collection, median LSM of 9.8. In 5 HDV RNA−, median HBV DNA 65 IU/mL, 4/5 prior IFN and/or NA, ALT 31 U/L, and median LSM 8.5 kPa. In 8 HBV controls, median HBV-DNA, ALT, LSM was 69 IU/mL, 33 U/L,5 kPa, respectively. PBMC stimulation with HBV core antigen (HBcAg) and HDV antigen (HDAg) showed weaker CD3 + CD4 + T-cell proliferation in HDV-RNA+ vs. HDV RNA− and HBV-mono-infected patients (p < 0.05). In HDV-RNA+ patients, a correlation between ALT and TNF-α (r = 0.76, p = 0.008), higher IL-10 levels and increased proportion of CD14 + TNF-α+ cells were found.ConclusionIn summary, during HBV/HDV coinfection, HDV RNA+ patients had weaker HBV and HDV specific responses, associated with increased TNF-α + monocytes irrespective of IFN treatment.

show abstract

“…The complete sequence from patient no. HDV-14 showed high similarity (94%) with that from a Mongolian individual living in Canada [36]. Although the patients' blood samples were not available, these ndings suggest that nails can also be useful to identify the source of HDV infection.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analysis Of the Hbv And Hdv Complete Genome Seqmentioning

confidence: 96%

Signature of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in nails and hair

Komatsu

Inui

Odmaa

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is detected in extrahepatic tissues of individuals with HBV infection. Whether nails and hair contain HBV has been unknown. Methods: We examined two patient groups: those with chronic HBV infection alone (n=71), and those with both chronic HBV and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infections (n=15). HBV DNA in the patients' fingernails and hair were measured by real-time PCR. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) of fingernails was evaluated by an enzyme immunoassay. HDV RNA in fingernails was measured by real-time PCR. Immunochemical staining was performed on nails. We used chimeric mice with humanized livers to evaluate the infectivity of nails.Results: Of the 71 pairs of HBV-alone nail and hair samples, 70 (99%) nail and 60 (85%) hair samples were positive for β-actin DNA. Of those 70 nail samples, 65 (93%) were HBV DNA-positive. Of the 60 hair samples, 49 (82%) were HBV DNA-positive. The serum HBV DNA level of the nail HBV DNA-positive patients was significantly higher than that of the nail HBV DNA-negative patients. The hair HBV DNA-positive patients' serum HBV DNA level was significantly higher compared to the hair HBV DNA-negative patients. The nail HBV DNA level was significantly higher than the hair HBV DNA level. The nails and hair HBV DNA levels were correlated (r=0.325, p<0.05). A phylogenetic tree analysis of the complete genome sequence of HBV isolated from nails and hair identified the infection source. Of the 64 nail samples, 38 (59%) were HBsAg-positive. All 15 pairs of chronic HBV/HDV infection nail and hair samples were β-actin DNA-positive. However, nail HBV DNA was detected in two patients (13%). None of the 15 patients were positive for hair HBV DNA. Nail HDV RNA was detected in three patients (20%). Of the 15 patients, eight (53%) were nail HBsAg-positive. HBsAg and hepatitis delta (HD) antigen were detected in the nails by immunochemical staining. Chimeric mice were not infected with PBS containing HBsAg and HBV DNA elucidated from nails.Conclusions: Nails and hair were the reservoir of HBV DNA. Moreover, nails can contain HBsAg, HDV RNA, and HD antigen.

show abstract

Transmission of hepatitis D virus between spouses: A longitudinal study of the first reported Canadian case

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Signature of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in nails and hair

Signature of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in nails and hair

Systemic cytokine and viral antigen-specific responses in hepatitis D virus RNA positive versus HDV RNA negative patients

Signature of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in nails and hair

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About