Transmission of<i>Anaplasma marginale</i>with adult<i>Boophilus microplus</i>ticks fed as nymphs on calves with different levels of rickettsaemia

Aguirre, D. H.; Gaido, A. B.; Viñabal, A. E.; Echaide, Susana Torioni de; Guglielmone, Alberto A.

doi:10.1051/parasite/1994014405

Cited by 45 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The parasite is also endemic to Argentina. In areas where the R. microplus tick has been eradicated, sporadic outbreaks of the disease have happened (Guglielmone 1994), since the contact with the vector is essential for the development of acquired immunity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anaplasma marginale is a rickettsial hemoparasite transmitted to cattle biologically by Rhipicephalus microplus and mechanically by flies and fomites (Aguirre et al 1994, Stiles 1936. Anaplasmosis is an economically important disease affecting dairy and beef cattle in most tropical, subtropical and many temperate countries (Morel 1989, Dalgliesh et al 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anaplasma marginale infection in cattle from south-western Amazonia

Brito¹,

Oliveira²,

Rocha³

et al. 2010

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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249Pesq. Vet. Bras. 30(3):249-254, março 2010 RESUMO.-[Infecção por Anaplasma marginale em bovinos na Amazônia Sul Ocidental, Brasil.] O presente estudo fornece os primeiros dados epidemiológicos relativos a infecção por Anaplasma marginale em bovinos criados na Amazônia Sul Ocidental brasileira. Foi adaptado um procedimento simples para a extração de DNA a partir de coágulos sanguíneos coletados em sete microrregiões do estado de Rondônia e duas mesoregiões do estado do Acre. A técnica da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) foi aplicada para avaliar a freqüência da infecção por A. marginale em bovinos com idade entre 4 e 12 meses. Após a extração do DNA de cada amostra, a infecção nos bovinos foi investigada pela amplificação do gene "msp5" de A. marginale. As técnicas de amplificação do DNA revelaram que a freqüência de infecção por A. marginale foi de 98,6% (1.627/1.650) nas amostras provenientes de Rondônia e de 92,87% (208/225) nas amostras do Acre. A alta freqüên-cia da infecção por A. marginale nos animais com idade entre 4 e 12 meses indica uma situação de estabilidade enzoótica nas regiões estudadas, as quais são compará-veis às detectadas por técnicas de imunodiagnóstico em outras regiões endêmicas no Brasil. A extração do DNA através do método aqui descrito pode ser utilizado em estudos epidemiológicos sobre a anaplasmose bovina e outros hemoparasitas. The present study provides the first epidemiological data regarding infection by Anaplasma marginale in cattle reared in south-western Brazilian Amazonia. One simple procedure was adapted for the extraction of DNA from blood clots collected in seven microregions of Rondônia State and two mesoregions of Acre State. PCR method was used to asses the frequency of A. marginale infections in 4 to12-month-old cattle. The cattle infection was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the specific primer "msp5" for A. marginale. The DNA amplifications revealed that the mean frequency of A. marginale infection was 98.6% (1,627/1,650) in samples from Rondonia, and 92.87% (208/225) in samples from Acre. The high frequency of A. marginale infections in 4 to 12-month-old cattle indicate a situation of enzootic stability in the studied areas and are comparable to those detected by immunodiagnosis in different endemic regions in Brazil. The DNA extraction of clotted blood method described here can be used for epidemiological studies on anaplasmosis and other bovine hemoparasites.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaplasma marginale infection in cattle from south-western Amazonia

Brito¹,

Oliveira²,

Rocha³

et al. 2010

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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“…Although A. marginale has a global distribution, the prevalence and incidence are highest in regions where the tropical cattle fever tick Boophilus microplus is endemic (19,21,25,28). Larval, nymphal, and adult stages of this tick all preferentially feed on cattle, and each can efficiently acquire and transmit A. marginale (1,24). This high vectorial capacity of B. microplus results in most calves in subtropical and tropical regions being infected within the first year of life, and this high incidence represents a severe constraint on animal health and production (11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission ofAnaplasma marginalebyBoophilus microplus: Retention of Vector Competence in the Absence of Vector-Pathogen Interaction

et al. 2003

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Whether arthropod vectors retain competence for transmission of infectious agents in the long-term absence of vector-pathogen interaction is unknown. We addressed this question by quantifying the vector competence of two tick vectors, with mutually exclusive tropical-versus temperate-region distributions, for genetically distinct tropical-and temperate-region strains of the cattle pathogen Anaplasma marginale. The tropical cattle tick Boophilus microplus, which has been eradicated from the continental United States for over 60 years, was able to acquire and transmit the temperate St. Maries (Idaho) strain of A. marginale. Similarly, the temperateregion tick Dermacentor andersoni efficiently acquired and transmitted the Puerto Rico strain of A. marginale. There were no significant quantitative differences in infection rate or number of organisms per tick following feeding on cattle with persistent infections of either A. marginale strain. In contrast, the significantly enhanced replication of the Puerto Rico strain in the salivary gland of B. microplus at the time of transmission feeding is consistent with adaptation of a pathogen strain to its available vector. However, the transmission of both strains by B. microplus demonstrates that adaptation or continual interaction between the pathogen and vector is not required for retention of vector competence. Importantly, the results clearly show that reestablishment of acaricide-resistant B. microplus in the United States would be associated with A. marginale transmission.

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“…Boophilus microplus ticks are widely distributed over the world and are recognized as the vectors of Anaplasma marginale, an etiological agent of animal anaplasmosis (1). A. marginale is considered to be a member of the tribe Ehrlichieae; 16S rRNA gene analysis shows that it is closely related to the members of the E. phagocytophila group (2,15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Detection of Anaplasma marginale and a New Ehrlichia Species Closely Related to Ehrlichia chaffeensis by Sequence Analyses of 16S Ribosomal DNA in Boophilus microplus Ticks from Tibet

Wen

Jian

YouZhi³

et al. 2002

J Clin Microbiol

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To identify ehrlichial agents in Boophilus microplus ticks, DNA samples of B. microplus collected from the Tibet Autonomous Region and Sichuan Province of China were screened by a nested PCR. Sixteen of 43 (37%) DNA samples of B. microplus from Tibet were positive in nested PCR analysis. All 27 samples from Sichuan were negative. The screen identified two ehrlichial agents based on different 16S rRNA genes that were found after amplifying and sequencing the 5-end fragments of the 16S rRNA genes. One sequence was identical to that of the gene of Anaplasma marginale, an etiological agent of animal anaplasmosis. The other sequence was most similar to that of the gene of Ehrlichia chaffeensis, an etiological agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis. The sequence of 1,501 bases from the novel ehrlichial agent was obtained and showed the greatest levels of sequence similarity (97 to 98%) to 16S rRNA gene sequences of the members of the E. canis group of the genus Ehrlichia. Sequence comparison of the 16S rRNA gene with the members of the genus Ehrlichia reveals that the novel ehrlichial agent detected in B. microplus ticks is a new species of the genus Ehrlichia and is most closely related to E. chaffeensis.Ehrlichia species are known as important pathogens of medical, as well as veterinary, importance. They are intracellular microorganisms residing within the cytoplasmic vacuoles of monocytes, granulocytes, or platelets of humans and animals. Ehrlichia species elicit illnesses with fever, headache, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia (9, 13). The genus Ehrlichia is divided into three distinct genogroups based on the similarity of the nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene: the Ehrlichia canis group (including E. canis, E. chaffeensis, E. muris, and E. ewingii), the E. phagocytophila group (E. phagocytophila, E. equi, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis [HGE] agent, and E. platys), and the E. sennetsu group (E. sennetsu, E. risticii, and the Stellantchasmus falcatus [SF] agent) (2, 15). The members of the E. sennetsu group are transmitted by aquatic vectors (16). In contrast, the members of the E. canis group and the E. phagocytophila group are both tick-borne organisms (9,15,16).

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Transmission ofAnaplasma marginalewith adultBoophilus microplusticks fed as nymphs on calves with different levels of rickettsaemia

Cited by 45 publications

References 8 publications

Anaplasma marginale infection in cattle from south-western Amazonia

Anaplasma marginale infection in cattle from south-western Amazonia

Transmission ofAnaplasma marginalebyBoophilus microplus: Retention of Vector Competence in the Absence of Vector-Pathogen Interaction

Simultaneous Detection of Anaplasma marginale and a New Ehrlichia Species Closely Related to Ehrlichia chaffeensis by Sequence Analyses of 16S Ribosomal DNA in Boophilus microplus Ticks from Tibet

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