Transmission of
            <i>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</i>
            between a Child and Guinea Pigs

Cama, Vitaliano; Pearson, Julie; Cabrera, Lilia; Pacheco, Luz; Gilman, Robert H.; Meyer, Sarah; Ortega, Ynés R.; Xiao, Lihua

doi:10.1128/jcm.00725-07

Cited by 117 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…1,10 Indeed, at least one case of zoonotically transmitted E. bieneusi infection has been reported. 14 In this study, however, contact with animals was not identified as a risk factor in E. bieneusi infection, although two of three major genotypes found in this study, D and IV, are common in domestic animals and wild mammals in many areas. 5,11 In a previous study conducted in Peru, contact with duck and/or chicken droppings was associated with an increased risk of microsporidiosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

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Molecular Epidemiologic Characterization of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in HIV-Infected Persons in Benin City, Nigeria

Akinbo¹,

Okaka²,

Omoregie³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Molecular characterization of Enterocytozoon bieneusi has led to better understanding of microsporidiosis transmission in humans. This study aimed to detect and genotype E. bieneusi in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons. Stool specimens were collected from 463 HIV-infected patients and analyzed for E. bieneusi by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer. E. bieneusi was detected in 77 HIV patients. CD4 cell counts < 200 cells/μL was associated with E. bieneusi infection (P = 0.09). E. bieneusi was significantly associated with weight loss (P < 0.0001), diarrhea (P = 0.006), fever (P < 0.0001), not being married (P < 0.0001), and flush type of toilet (P = 0.0007). Six known genotypes of D, A, IV, CAF2, EbpA, and Peru 8 in 31, 22, 14, 2, 1, and 1 patients, respectively, five novel genotypes of E. bieneusi, and one infection with mixed genotypes were observed in this study. Three of the novel genotypes were genetically distant to the genotypes commonly found in humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Bodies of water are known sources of microsporidial infection. 6,14,19 These bodies of water are used as sources for drinking and domestic use, thereby increasing the chances of E. bieneusi infection. Surprisingly, animal contact was not a risk factor for microsporidiosis in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiologic Characterization of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in HIV-Infected Persons in Benin City, Nigeria

Akinbo¹,

Okaka²,

Omoregie³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Similarly, genotypes CHN7 to CHN10 were likely pig specific. CHN7 and CHN8 were found in monoinfections, while CHN9 and CHN10 coinfected with other genotypes.The ITS sequences of the 10 new genotypes were highly homologous to those of genotypes I, J, K, and G published earlier (3,9,11,14,18) (Fig. 1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 54%

“…The ITS sequences of the 10 new genotypes were highly homologous to those of genotypes I, J, K, and G published earlier (3,9,11,14,18) (Fig. 1).…”

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confidence: 54%

Identification and Genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in China

et al. 2011

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In this study, the prevalence of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in China was investigated. Twelve genotypes of E. bieneusi were identified, of which 10 were novel genotypes. Further, 41.6% of the genotypes were found in both humans and animals. This is the first report of E. bieneusi in China.Microsporidia are a diverse group of obligate intracellular pathogens consisting of approximately 1,300 formally described species in 160 genera that infect a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate hosts, including humans (8,16). Enterocytozoon bieneusi, the most frequently diagnosed microsporidial species in humans, was first reported in an AIDS patient in 1985 (4). Over the last 2 decades, E. bieneusi has been detected in humans, other mammals, and birds in more than 30 countries (1,6,10,12). However, the prevalence of this parasite in China has been unclear.Currently, sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA gene is regarded as the standard method for species identification and genotyping of E. bieneusi isolates (17). More than 90 genotypes or variants of E. bieneusi that infect humans and animals have been identified (16). Recent molecular epidemiological studies indicated that some genotypes are host specific (17). Further, 8 genotypes (WL15, D, Peru6, EbpC, Peru10, Peru16, WL11, and Type IV) have been found in both humans and animals, indicating the potential for zoonotic transmission and the importance for surveillance of the epidemiology of E. bieneusi (17).We investigated the prevalence of E. bieneusi infection in humans and animals in China. A total of 220 fecal samples were collected. Among them, 40 fecal samples were from diarrheal children in the First Hospital of Jilin University in Changchun City, northeast China, 61 were from pigs in a livestock production facility, 26 were from dogs in a pet market, and 93 were from cows. Both human and animal samples were collected in the same area around Changchun City; however, the human samples were not from the same farm as the animal samples. The collection of human and animal stool samples was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University. DNA was extracted from each fecal sample with a modified protocol as described previously (7).A nested PCR with primers based on the specific ITS sequences of E. bieneusi was applied for pathogen identification as previously reported (2, 5). E. bieneusi ITS sequences were determined, and a multiple alignment was performed using the ClustalX program. To assess the extent of genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships among the previously known genotypes of Enterocytozoon spp. and the novel genotypes, a neighbor-joining tree based on the evolutionary distances calculated by the Kimura two-parameter model (15) was constructed using the MEGA 4.0 program (19).E. bieneusi-specific sequences were amplified from 56 of the 220 fecal samples (9 from humans, 2 from dogs, 35 from cows, and 10 from pigs) ( Table 1). The 56 sequences were classified into 12 genotypes, which include...

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“…En este sentido, su importancia en salud pública se ha incrementado debido a que los microsporidios que infectan a humanos han sido identificados en fuentes de agua y animales (Desplazes et al, 2000). Dada la enorme variedad de animales infectados por microsporidios, se debe tener en cuenta una posible propagación zoonótica (Cama et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

INFECCIÓN EXPERIMENTAL DE CERDOS DE UN MES DE EDAD CON ESPORAS DE Enterozytozoon bieneusi

González

Gillman

et al. 2012

Rev. investig. vet. Perú

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RESUMENLa microsporidiosis humana era considerada una enfermedad exclusiva de personas VIH positivas o de pacientes inmunocomprometidos pero actualmente se sabe que afecta, además, a pacientes inmunocompetentes. El microsporidio más común es el Enterocytozoon bieneusi. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo demostrar la infección experimental de cerdos de un mes de edad con 840 000 esporas de E. bieneusi por vía oral. Se utilizaron nueve lechones procedentes de una granja tecnificada con muy pocas probabilidades de infección a este parásito. Para el diagnóstico del parásito se utilizó la coloración tricrómica (en heces) y la coloración de plata (tejido intestinal). Se logró observar esporas de E. bieneusi en heces y en cortes de intestino de todos los lechones. El trabajo demostró que los cerdos de un mes de edad son susceptibles a la infección con esporas de E. bieneusi y, por lo tanto, este animal podría ser considerado como modelo experimental en el estudio de la microsporidiosis humana causada por E. bieneusi. Palabras clave: microsporidiosis, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, VIH, cerdos ABSTRACTHuman microsporidiosis has been considered a disease of the VIH positive patients or other patients with immunosupression. At present, it is known that microsporidiosis affects not only these patients but also the immunocompetent. The most common species is the Enterocytozoon bieneusi. The present study demonstrates the experimental oral infection of one-month-old piglets with spores of E. bieneusi. Nine piglets from a commercial farm with very low risk of infection by this parasite were used. Two staining techniques were utilized for the diagnosis of the parasite: Tricromic Blue Stain (in fecal samples) and Silver Stain (in intestinal wall). Spores of E. bieneusi were observed in feces

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Transmission of Enterocytozoon bieneusi between a Child and Guinea Pigs

Cited by 117 publications

References 24 publications

Molecular Epidemiologic Characterization of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in HIV-Infected Persons in Benin City, Nigeria

Molecular Epidemiologic Characterization of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in HIV-Infected Persons in Benin City, Nigeria

Identification and Genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in China

INFECCIÓN EXPERIMENTAL DE CERDOS DE UN MES DE EDAD CON ESPORAS DE Enterozytozoon bieneusi

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