Transmission of<i>Xylella fastidiosa</i>to Grapevine by the Meadow Spittlebug

Cornara, Daniele; Sicard, Anne; Zeilinger, Adam R.; Porcelli, Francesco; Purcell, Alexander H.; Almeida, Rodrigo P. P.

doi:10.1094/phyto-05-16-0202-r

Cited by 56 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…The vector assays corroborate the effective transmission of Xf from infected grapevines to healthy ones mediated by P. spumarius adults, confirming previous reports of meadow spittlebug as a vector of PD in California (Severin, ; Cornara et al , ). Moreover, PD incidence was strongly correlated with weed cover within vineyards, which presumably favour the development of meadow spittlebug populations and vine‐to‐vine transmission.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Insights into the epidemiology of Pierce's disease in vineyards of Mallorca, Spain

Moralejo¹,

Borràs

Gomila

et al. 2019

Plant Pathology

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Xylella fastidiosa (Xf), the causal agent of Pierce's disease (PD), has long been considered a major threat to prosperous European viticulture. In May of 2017, PD was officially detected on a grapevine in Mallorca. To better understand the epidemiology of the first established outbreak of PD in Europe, the disease incidence and severity were assessed, vector transmission experiments were performed, and cultivar responses to Xf infections both in the field and in inoculation experiments were monitored. The genetic structure of Xf local populations was also investigated by multilocus sequence typing analysis, and their whole genome sequences and phylogenetic positions compared with respect to PD strains worldwide. Disease incidence was moderately low (0.07) and highly variable, ranging from 0.0 to 0.99. Its economic impact on wine production was considered low. Vineyards managed under conventional viticulture were significantly less infected than organic farming. Under greenhouse conditions, the insect Philaenus spumarius efficiently transmitted the pathogen from infected to healthy grapevines. In the inoculation experiments, Xf infected, to some degree, 29 of the 30 cultivar × rootstock combinations (n = 239). Cultivars Viura, Gorgollasa and Sauvignon Blanc were the most susceptible ones. All Xf isolates from grapevines belonged to sequence type ST1; they phylogenetically clustered within the Californian ST1 clade, with which they shared a 99.94% identity and the same plasmid. In addition, ST1 caused almond leaf scorch disease, where notably its incidence (0.78) and severity was much higher than PD. The likely reasons for these wide differences are discussed in the context of a 20‐year Xf introduction scenario.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Insights into the epidemiology of Pierce's disease in vineyards of Mallorca, Spain

Moralejo¹,

Borràs

Gomila

et al. 2019

Plant Pathology

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“…These results corroborate previous findings of a significant and positive relationship between transmission and X. fastidiosa population size in the aphrophorid spittlebug Philaenus spumarius (Cornara et al. ). At the same time, these results differ from those of Almeida and Purcell () and Hill and Purcell (), where no relationship between transmission rate and X. fastidiosa population size in the cicadellid Homalodisca vitripennis and G. atropunctata vectors was found, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…, Cornara et al. ). The vector transmission model described here can be easily adapted to include non‐linear coefficients for a range of covariates, such as varying AAP, IAP, or latent period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Finally, Bayesian hierarchical models are highly flexible and can include non-linear functional responses. Thresholds and asymptotic processes-for example, Michaelis-Menten or logistic dynamics-are common in vector transmission studies (Hill and Purcell 1997, Coletta-Filho et al 2014, Cornara et al 2016. The vector transmission model described here can be easily adapted to include non-linear coefficients for a range of covariates, such as varying AAP, IAP, or latent period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bayesian vector transmission model detects conflicting interactions from transgenic disease‐resistant grapevines

et al. 2018

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Effective management of vector‐borne plant pathogens often relies on disease‐resistant cultivars. While heterogeneity in host resistance and in pathogen population density at the host population level plays important and well‐recognized roles in epidemiology, the effects of resistance traits on pathogen distribution at the individual host level, and the epidemiological consequences in turn, are poorly understood. Transgenic disease‐resistant plants that produce bacterial diffusible signaling factor (DSF) could provide resistance to the vector‐borne bacterium Xylella fastidiosa by impeding plant colonization and reducing virulence. However, the effects of constitutive in planta production of DSF on insect vector transmission have remained unresolved. We investigated the transmission biology of X. fastidiosa in DSF and wild‐type (WT) grapevines with the efficient vector Graphocephala atropunctata. We also developed a novel Bayesian hierarchical model to improve statistical inference on the multiple components of the vector transmission process. We found that insect vectors had a greater colonization efficiency on DSF plants—meaning they acquired a greater population size of X. fastidiosa—than on WT plants. However, DSF plants also maintained much lower X. fastidiosa populations. These apparently conflicting processes resulted in a lower but highly variable probability of transmission from DSF plants compared to WT plants. Our Bayesian model improved statistical inference compared to widely used frequentist statistics in part by estimating and correcting for imperfect detection of X. fastidiosa in plant and insect tissues. Overall, our results support current models on the roles that DSF plays in vector transmission of X. fastidiosa. In line with our hypothesis, DSF production reduced mean X. fastidiosa population density but increased heterogeneity within host plants. While DSF‐producing plants could potentially improve disease management, our results suggest that they could, under some conditions, facilitate X. fastidiosa spread.

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“…Another recent study with P. spumarius also found X. fastidiosa populations in individuals as being lower than in leafhoppers (Cornara et al. ). This observation is interesting because X. fastidiosa is persistent in both spittlebugs and leafhoppers (Severin , ), but so far, two independent studies have estimated bacterial populations to be relatively low in spittlebugs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Transmission of Xylella fastidiosa by naturally infected Philaenus spumarius (Hemiptera, Aphrophoridae) to different host plants

Cornara

Cavalieri

Dongiovanni

et al. 2016

J Applied Entomology

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127

134

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First and second authors equally contributed to the work. AbstractThe recent establishment of Xylella fastidiosa subspecies pauca in the southern Italian region of Apulia threatens agricultural crops and the environment. Olive is an important and widespread ancient crop in Italy and, so far, the most impacted host. The meadow spittlebug Philaenus spumarius (Hemiptera, Aphrophoridae) has been identified as a vector of X. fastidiosa in southern Italy; this species is one of the most common potential vectors in Europe. To generate disease management strategies, data on X. fastidiosa transmission by P. spumarius are necessary. Therefore, we carried out transmission experiments by using field-collected spittlebugs in 2014 and 2015 (5 and 11 collection dates, respectively), and transferring groups of insects immediately on to recipient plants. Various host plant species were tested: olive, oleander, sweet orange, grapevine and the stone fruit rootstock GF677 (Prunus persica 9 Prunus amygdalus). Xylella fastidiosa was detected in all the host plants after insect plant access except for grapevine; infections to sweet orange and stone fruit were not systemic. In 2015, estimates of insect X. fastidiosa infectivity were obtained; the number of PCR-positive P. spumarius on each plant was positively correlated with the plant infection status. The proportion of P. spumarius infected with X. fastidiosa ranged from 25% to 71% during the entire survey period. The number of X. fastidiosa cells detected in P. spumarius heads ranged from 3.5 9 10 to 4.0 9 10 2 (CFU equivalents), which is lower than that reported for leafhopper vectors in the Americas. These data show that field-collected P. spumarius have high rates of X. fastidiosa infection and are competent vectors.

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Transmission ofXylella fastidiosato Grapevine by the Meadow Spittlebug

Cited by 56 publications

References 34 publications

Insights into the epidemiology of Pierce's disease in vineyards of Mallorca, Spain

Insights into the epidemiology of Pierce's disease in vineyards of Mallorca, Spain

Bayesian vector transmission model detects conflicting interactions from transgenic disease‐resistant grapevines

Transmission of Xylella fastidiosa by naturally infected Philaenus spumarius (Hemiptera, Aphrophoridae) to different host plants

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