Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 into and within immigrant households: nationwide registry study from Norway

Methi, Fredrik; Hart, Rannveig Kaldager; Godøy, Anna Aasen; Jørgensen, Silje Bakken; Kacelnik, Oliver; Telle, Kjetil

doi:10.1136/jech-2021-217856

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…We first present descriptive statistics on the asymptomatic and symptomatic index cases. Second, in line with previous literature, we defined secondary attack rates (SAR) as the per cent of the close contacts registered with a positive test, either PCR or antigen rapid test taken at official test stations, within 14 days after the index person tested positive [13][14][15]. The regime for testing, isolation, contact tracing, and quarantine has been changing over time.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 among asymptomatic cases: evidence from contact tracing data in Oslo, Norway

Methi

Madslien

2022

BMC Med

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Background Asymptomatic COVID-19 cases have complicated the surveillance and tracking of the pandemic. Previous studies have estimated that 15–25% of all infectees remain asymptomatic. Methods Based on contact tracing data from Oslo, Norway, we estimated transmission and susceptibility dynamics among symptomatic and asymptomatic cases and their contacts as identified by manual contact tracing between September 1, 2020, and September 1, 2021. Results Among 27,473 indexes and 164,153 registered contacts, the secondary attack rate (SAR-14) was estimated to be 28% lower through asymptomatic exposure (13%) compared to symptomatic exposure (18%). Furthermore, those infected by asymptomatic cases were almost three times more likely to be asymptomatic compared to those infected by symptomatic cases. Conclusions Symptomatic cases spread the virus to a greater extent than asymptomatic, and infectees are more likely to be asymptomatic if their assumed infector was asymptomatic.

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Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 among asymptomatic cases: evidence from contact tracing data in Oslo, Norway

Methi

Madslien

2022

BMC Med

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“…The household secondary attack rate from hospital workers to household members was similar to those reported in other studies on secondary attack rate based on registry data from Norway. [15][16][17]…”

Section: Comparison To Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) between hospital workers and members of their household: Nationwide, registry-based, cohort study from Norway

Elgersma

Telle

Elstrøm

et al. 2022

Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.

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Background: Understanding and limiting infection in healthcare workers (HCWs) and subsequent transmission to their families is always important and has been underscored during the COVID-19 pandemic. Except in specific and local settings, little is known about the extent of such transmissions at the national level. Objective: To describe SARS-CoV-2 infection in HCWs and to estimate the risk of HCWs transmitting COVID-19 to their household members, including calculating the secondary attack rate to household members and estimating the risk for hospital workers to contract COVID-19 at home. Methods: Using individual-level data on all HCWs employed in Norwegian hospitals and their household members, we identified (1) the number of HCWs who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 between August 2020 and September 2021 and the proportion of those who were index cases in their own household and (2) the number of HCWs who were secondary cases in their own households. Results: During this period, ∼3,005 (2,6%) hospital workers acquired COVID-19. Almost half of all hospital workers with confirmed COVID-19 were likely index cases in their own households. When the index case in a family was an HCW, the secondary attack rate was 24.8%. At least 17.8% of all confirmed COVID-19 cases among hospital workers were acquired in the household. Conclusions: Our results suggest not only that many HCWs are infected with SARS-CoV-2 in their households but also that infected HCWs constitute a serious infection risk to members of the HCW’s household.

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“…However, studies of secondary attach rate within households indicate that this is a phenomena but still has limited explanatory value. 25 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the excess COVID-19 burden among immigrants in Norway

Kjøllesdal

Juárez

Aradhya

et al. 2022

Journal of Public Health

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Background We aim to use intermarriage as a measure to disentangle the role of exposure to virus, susceptibility and care in differences in burden of COVID-19, by comparing rates of COVID-19 infections between immigrants married to a native and to another immigrant. Methods Using data from the Norwegian emergency preparedness, register participants (N=2 312 836) were linked with their registered partner and categorized based on own and partner’s country of birth. From logistic regressions, odds ratios (OR) of COVID-19 infection (15 June 2020–01 June 2021) and related hospitalization were calculated adjusted for age, sex, municipality, medical risk, occupation, household income, education and crowded housing. Results Immigrants were at increased risk of COVID-19 and related hospitalization regardless of their partners being immigrant or not, but immigrants married to a Norwegian-born had lower risk than other immigrants. Compared with intramarried Norwegian-born, odds of COVID-19 infection was higher among persons in couples with one Norwegian-born and one immigrant from Europe/USA/Canada/Oceania (OR 1.42–1.46) or Africa/Asia/Latin-America (OR 1.91–2.01). Odds of infection among intramarried immigrants from Africa/Asia/Latin-America was 4.92. For hospitalization, the corresponding odds were slightly higher. Conclusion Our study suggests that the excess burden of COVID-19 among immigrants is explained by differences in exposure and care rather than susceptibility.

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Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 into and within immigrant households: nationwide registry study from Norway

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Lower transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 among asymptomatic cases: evidence from contact tracing data in Oslo, Norway

Lower transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 among asymptomatic cases: evidence from contact tracing data in Oslo, Norway

Transmission of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) between hospital workers and members of their household: Nationwide, registry-based, cohort study from Norway

Understanding the excess COVID-19 burden among immigrants in Norway

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