Transmission of sign languages in Mediterranean Europe

Quer, Josep; Mazzoni, Laura; Sapountzaki, Galini

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511712203.006

Cited by 7 publications

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“…The countries of Italy and the United States were chosen for this study for several reasons. First, the sign languages are not related (Corazza, ; Lane, ; Quer, Mazzoni, & Sapountzaki, ). Even though the clerics who founded of the first schools for the Deaf in the United States (Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet) and in Italy (Thomas Silvestri) were trained in the methodical signs of the Paris school, the two cases are quite different.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive, Cultural, and Linguistic Sources of a Handshape Distinction Expressing Agentivity

Brentari

Renzo

Keane

et al. 2014

Topics in Cognitive Science

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In this paper the cognitive, cultural, and linguistic bases for a pattern of conventionalization of two types of iconic handshapes are described. Work on sign languages has shown that handling handshapes (H-HSs: those that represent how objects are handled or manipulated) and object handshapes (O-HSs: those that represent the class, size, or shape of objects) express an agentive/non-agentive semantic distinction in many sign languages. H-HSs are used in agentive event descriptions and O-HSs are used in non-agentive event descriptions. In this work, American Sign Language (ASL) and Italian Sign Language (LIS) productions are compared (adults and children) as well as the corresponding groups of gesturers in each country using "silent gesture." While the gesture groups, in general, did not employ an H-HS/O-HS distinction, all participants (signers and gesturers) used iconic handshapes (H-HSs and O-HSs together) more often in agentive than in no-agent event descriptions; moreover, none of the subjects produced an opposite pattern than the expected one (i.e., H-HSs associated with no-agent descriptions and O-HSs associated with agentive ones). These effects are argued to be grounded in cognition. In addition, some individual gesturers were observed to produce the H-HS/O-HS opposition for agentive and non-agentive event descriptions-that is, more Italian than American adult gesturers. This effect is argued to be grounded in culture. Finally, the agentive/non-agentive handshape opposition is confirmed for signers of ASL and LIS, but previously unreported cross-linguistic differences were also found across both adult and child sign groups. It is, therefore, concluded that cognitive, cultural, and linguistic factors contribute to the conventionalization of this distinction of handshape type.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive, Cultural, and Linguistic Sources of a Handshape Distinction Expressing Agentivity

Brentari

Renzo

Keane

et al. 2014

Topics in Cognitive Science

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“…Historians, therefore, infer that Silvestri's methods were applied more directly to what Italian signers were already using at the time (Corazza 1993;Quer, et al 2010). …”

Section: Study 1: Adult Sign Language Vs Gesture Groups (Four Countrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Complementing this prior work, we analyze both finger complexity and also joint complexity, a second dimension of handshape not previously considered. Three of the four sign languages are well established-American Sign Language (ASL), Italian Sign Language (LIS) and Chinese Sign Language (CSL)-dating back at least 100 years (Fischer & Gong 2010;Quer, Mazzoni & Sapountzaki 2010;Brentari 2010). The fourth sign language is the newly emergent Nicaraguan Sign Language (NSL); thus we can examine how historically related (LIS and ASL) and unrelated (CSL) sign languages behave with respect to these two types of handshapes, and how a more recently developed sign language (NSL) fits in.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The Shanghai variety of CSL is totally unrelated to ASL, NSL, and LIS. The first school for the deaf in Shanghai dates from 1892 (Fischer & Gong ASL and LIS are remotely related, and likely both share some influence of the sign language used in France by means of a network of European clergy who established schools in the first half of the 19th century(Quer et al 2010). The historical contexts are quite a bit different, however.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Handshape complexity as a precursor to phonology: Variation, emergence, and acquisition

Brentari

Coppola²,

Cho

et al. 2016

Language Acquisition

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In this paper two dimensions of handshape complexity are analyzed as potential building blocks of phonological contrast-joint complexity and finger group complexity. We ask whether sign language patterns are elaborations of those seen in the gestures produced by hearing people without speech (pantomime) or a more radical re-organization of them. Data from adults and children are analyzed to address issues of cross-linguistic variation, emergence, and acquisition.Study 1 addresses these issues in adult signers and gesturers from the United States, Italy, China, and Nicaragua. Study 2 addresses these issues in child and adult groups (signers and gesturers) from the United States, Italy, and Nicaragua. We argue that handshape undergoes a fairly radical reorganization, including loss and reorganization of iconicity and feature redistribution, as phonologization takes place in both of these dimensions. Moreover, while the patterns investigated here are not evidence of duality of patterning, we conclude that they are indeed phonological, and that they appear earlier than related morphosyntactic patterns that use the same types of handshape.

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“…Dla wielu rodzin, zwłaszcza tych, które żyją z dala od społeczności Głuchych, na przykład na terenach wiejskich, stanowi to praktyczny problem. (Humphries i in., 2012b: 193) Dane wskazują bowiem, że w wielu krajach europejskich i skandynawskich dzieci z CI są poddawane oddziaływaniom mającym na celu kształtowanie u nich głównie języka mówionego przy ograniczeniu bądź zamknięciu możliwości nauki języka migowego (Bergman, Engberg-Pedersen, 2010;Boyes Braem, Rathmann, 2010;Quer, Mazzoni, Sapountzaki, 2010). Na przykład przewodniczący Duńskiego Stowarzyszenia Osób Głuchych ogłosił, że prawie 99% niemowląt oraz dzieci z CI wychowuje się, nie mając szansy na poznanie języka migowego z powodu niezapisania ich do szkół dla głuchych (Bergman, 2008;za: Bauman, Murray, 2010: 214).…”

Section: "Przedstawiamy Nasz Punkt Widzenia"spory I Kontrowersje Wokół Ciunclassified

Implanty ślimakowe – etyka a wybór

Tomaszewski¹

1970

kse

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Tomaszewski Piotr, Implanty ślimakowe – etyka a wybór [Cochlear implants – ethics and choices]. „Kultura – Społeczeństwo – Edukacja” nr 2(14) 2018, Poznań 2018, pp. 155–181, Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-0422. DOI 10.14746/kse.2018.14.13. This study discusses the ethical issue of the development of hearing technology in the form of cochlear implants that are used by an ever-growing number of deaf and hard of hearing people. The development of this kind of technology has progressed so quickly all over the world, including Poland, that the deafness paradigms have drastically changed. This may affect, to a greater or lesser degree, not only the implementation of early support programmes, but also the image of the Deaf communities using their respective sign languages on a daily basis. It is therefore necessary to create an eclectic model of education for deaf and hard of hearing people which would allow for the ethical option to integrate the conflicting approaches on the proper procedure for deciding on the language (spoken or signed) and the culture (the hearing or the Deaf one) for the development of deaf and hard of hearing students with cochlear implants or hearing aids.

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Transmission of sign languages in Mediterranean Europe

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Cognitive, Cultural, and Linguistic Sources of a Handshape Distinction Expressing Agentivity

Cognitive, Cultural, and Linguistic Sources of a Handshape Distinction Expressing Agentivity

Handshape complexity as a precursor to phonology: Variation, emergence, and acquisition

Implanty ślimakowe – etyka a wybór

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