Transmission of the Agent Causing Little Cherry Disease by the Apple Mealybug<i>Phenacoccus Aceris</i>and the dodder<i>Cuscuta Lupuliformis</i>

Raine, J.; McMullen, R. D.; Forbes, A. R.

doi:10.1080/07060668609501834

Cited by 44 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…No insect vector has been identified so far for LChV-1, in contrast to LChV-2 for which at least two distinct species of mealybugs (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae ) are known to naturally transmit the virus inefficiently in a semi-persistent mode and infrequent way, namely the grape mealybug ( Pseudococcus maritimus Ehrhorn) and the apple mealybug ( Phenacoccus aceris Signoret). Neither LChV-1 or LChV-2 are pollen- or seed-transmitted [2,3,4,8,9]. LChD was first reported in the USA and Canada in the late 1930s, occasionally in association with the Western X phytoplasma disease [8], and is now present on a broad range of stone fruit species in many other cherry-growing areas of the world [2,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24], including Belgium [25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Throughput Sequencing Assists Studies in Genomic Variability and Epidemiology of Little Cherry Virus 1 and 2 infecting Prunus spp. in Belgium

Tahzima

Foucart²,

Peusens³

et al. 2019

Viruses

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Little cherry disease, caused by little cherry virus 1 (LChV-1) and little cherry virus 2 (LChV-2), which are both members of the family Closteroviridae, severely affects sweet (Prunus avium L.) and sour cherry (P. cerasus L.) orchards lifelong production worldwide. An intensive survey was conducted across different geographic regions of Belgium to study the disease presence on these perennial woody plants and related species. Symptomatic as well as non-symptomatic Prunus spp. trees tested positive via RT-PCR for LChV-1 and -2 in single or mixed infections, with a slightly higher incidence for LChV-1. Both viruses were widespread and highly prevalent in nearly all Prunus production areas as well as in private gardens and urban lane trees. The genetic diversity of Belgian LChV-1 and -2 isolates was assessed by Sanger sequencing of partial genomic regions. A total RNA High-Throughput Sequencing (HTS) approach confirmed the presence of both viruses, and revealed the occurrence of other Prunus-associated viruses, namely cherry virus A (CVA), prune dwarf virus (PDV) and prunus virus F (PrVF). The phylogenetic inference from full-length genomes revealed well-defined evolutionary phylogroups with high genetic variability and diversity for LChV-1 and LChV-2 Belgian isolates, yet with little or no correlation with planting area or cultivated varieties. The global diversity and the prevalence in horticultural areas of LChV-1 and -2 variants, in association with other recently described fruit tree viruses, are of particular concern. Future epidemiological implications as well as new investigation avenues are exhaustively discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Throughput Sequencing Assists Studies in Genomic Variability and Epidemiology of Little Cherry Virus 1 and 2 infecting Prunus spp. in Belgium

Tahzima

Foucart²,

Peusens³

et al. 2019

Viruses

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“…2). Although the apple mealybug Phenacoccus aceris has been shown to transmit little cherry disease (Raine et al, 1986), several viruses have been recovered from infected plants (Jelkmann, 1995 ;Eastwell & Bernardy, 1996). Thus, additional experiments must be done to show that LChV (Jelkmann et al, 1997) is transmitted by mealybugs.…”

Section: Helmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleotide sequence of the 3'-terminal two-thirds of the grapevine leafroll-associated virus-3 genome reveals a typical monopartite closterovirus.

Ling¹,

Zhu²,

Drong³

et al. 1998

Journal of General Virology

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“…The apple mealybug (Phenacoccus aceris Signoret) has been identified as a vector for LChD (34). Transmission of LChD can also occur by grafting or budding (13).…”

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confidence: 99%

Partial Nucleotide Sequence and Genome Organization of a Canadian Isolate of Little cherry virus and Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay-Based Diagnostic Test

Theilmann¹,

Mozafari²,

Reade³

et al. 2002

Phytopathology®

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Approximately 12.4 kb of the genome of a mealybug-transmissible, North American isolate of Little cherry virus (LChV-3, previously designated LChV-LC5) has been cloned and sequenced. The sequenced portion of the genome contains 10 open reading frames (ORFs) and, based on sequence comparisons, encodes a putative RNA helicase (HEL), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (POL), two coat proteins (CPs), a homologue of HSP70, a 53K protein (p53) that is similar to an equivalent-size protein in other closteroviruses, and a 22K (p22) protein of unknown function. The genome also potentially encodes two small proteins (p5 and p6), one of which is similar to the small hydrophobic proteins of other closteroviruses. Phylogenetic analyses utilizing sequences of the HEL, POL, and HSP70 homologue suggest that LChV-3 is most similar to other mealybug-transmitted closteroviruses. Further comparisons between LChV-3 and a 4.7-kb region of the recently described Little cherry virus-2 (LChV-2) reveals 77% nucleotide sequence identity. Based on this low sequence identity, we propose that LChV-3 be considered a separate species, designated LChV-3. Unexpectedly, the LChV-3 CP duplicate ORF was found to lie upstream of the HSP70 ORF; therefore, the genome organization of LChV-3 is distinct from that of other closteroviruses. Polyclonal antiserum raised to bacterially expressed LChV-3 CP was useful for detection of LChV-diseased trees in the cherry-growing districts of British Columbia, Canada.

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Transmission of the Agent Causing Little Cherry Disease by the Apple MealybugPhenacoccus Acerisand the dodderCuscuta Lupuliformis

Cited by 44 publications

References 5 publications

High-Throughput Sequencing Assists Studies in Genomic Variability and Epidemiology of Little Cherry Virus 1 and 2 infecting Prunus spp. in Belgium

High-Throughput Sequencing Assists Studies in Genomic Variability and Epidemiology of Little Cherry Virus 1 and 2 infecting Prunus spp. in Belgium

Nucleotide sequence of the 3'-terminal two-thirds of the grapevine leafroll-associated virus-3 genome reveals a typical monopartite closterovirus.

Partial Nucleotide Sequence and Genome Organization of a Canadian Isolate of Little cherry virus and Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay-Based Diagnostic Test

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