Transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in Panama City, Panama: A Five-Year Prospective Cohort Study of Children, Cats, Rodents, Birds, and Soil

The Life Cycle of Toxoplasma gondii in the Natural Environment

“…Contact with defecation sites is thus expected to result in a high risk of infection, but, because contaminated sites represent a low proportion of the area, only a few humans are likely to be directly exposed. These persons include children playing in sand pits, persons feeding the cats, gardeners, maintenance workers in these sites and also dog owners who allow pets to roam in these sites and become indirectly exposed through contact with dogs [71,67,68].…”

Serological profile of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in apparently healthy dogs of the city of Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil

“…Rolling in or ingestion of cat feces, containing oocysts of T. gondii, by dogs could contaminate the domestic environment, thus exposing their owners to infection (8). It The associations between the result of the serological exam and the epidemiological variations were studied according to the Goodman test (11, 12) for contrast among multinomial populations.…”

Toxoplasmic Lymphadenopathy Clinically Presenting as Lymphoma

“…A five-year prospective cohort study of toxoplasma cysts in cats, rodents, birds, and soil and the incidence of seroconversion in children has been performed in Panama, 7 in which a cumulative incidence of 12.6% was reported. A high correlation of dog contact with seroconversion in children may be due to the possibility that the dogs, by eating and rolling in cat feces, were instrumental in transmitting infection.…”