Transmission potential of vaccinated and unvaccinated persons infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in a federal prison, July—August 2021

Salvatore, Phillip P.; Lee, Christine C.; Sleweon, Sadia; McCormick, David W.; Nicolae, Lavinia; Knipe, Kristen; Dixon, Thomas; Banta, Robert; Ogle, Isaac; Young, Cristen; Dusseau, Charles; Salmonson, Shawn; Ogden, Charles; Godwin, Eric; Ballom, TeCora; Ross, Tara; Wynn, Nhien T.; David, Ebenezer; Bessey, Theresa; Kim, Gimin; Suppiah, Suganthi; Tamin, Azaibi; Harcourt, Jennifer L.; Sheth, Mili; Lowe, Luis; Browne, Hannah; Tate, Jacqueline E.; Kirking, Hannah L.; Hagan, Liesl M.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.11.045

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We screened the title/abstracts of 2799 unique records retrieved from PubMed and Embase, and the full texts of 50 studies remaining after this stage. We selected 14 prospective cohort studies for inclusion in this systematic review ( Figure 1 ; Table S2 in the Online Supplementary Document ) [ 9 – 22 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Duration of SARS-CoV-2 shedding: A systematic review

Oordt-Speets,

Spinardi,

Mendoza

et al. 2024

J Glob Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Positive viral severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cultures indicate shedding of infectious virus and corresponding transmission risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The research question of this systematic review was: Is there a discernible pattern in the timing of SARS-CoV-2 virus isolation, and what is the proportion of positive and negative results for isolation of SARS-CoV-2 virus with viral culture relative to the onset of clinical symptoms or the day of diagnosis, as indicated by longitudinal studies? Methods We systematically searched PubMed and Embase from inception to 16 February 2023 for English-language studies with serial viral culture testing within symptomatic or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected persons during the post-vaccination period. Outcomes of interest were the daily culture status per study and the overall daily culture positivity rate of SARS-CoV-2. We critically appraised the selected studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale. Results We included 14 viral shedding studies in this systematic review. Positive viral SARS-CoV-2 cultures were detected in samples ranging from 4 days before to 18 days after symptom onset. The daily culture SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate since symptom onset or diagnosis showed a steep decline between day 5 and 9, starting with a peak ranging from 44% to 50% on days −1 to 5, decreasing to 28% on day 7 and 11% on day 9, and finally ranging between 0% and 8% on days 10–17. Conclusions Viral shedding peaked within 5 days since symptom onset or diagnosis and the culture positivity rate rapidly declined hereafter. This systematic review provides an overview of current evidence on the daily SARS-CoV-2 culture positivity rates during the post-vaccination period. These findings could be used to estimate the effectiveness of public health control measures, including treatment and preventive strategies, to reduce the spread of COVID-19.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We were able to calculate daily culture positivity rates for 11 of the 14 studies ( Figure 3 ) [ 9 – 12 , 15 , 17 – 22 ]. We found the daily culture positivity rate of SARS-CoV-2 to be up to 50% since symptom onset or diagnosis in the combined data of all cases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duration of SARS-CoV-2 shedding: A systematic review

Oordt-Speets,

Spinardi,

Mendoza

et al. 2024

J Glob Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Dataset 3 is an assumed 77% sensitivity multiplied by a survival curve of RT-PCR positivity. The yellow line illustrates 77% sensitivity of RT-PCR positivity based on observation data from unvaccinated prisoners in the United States [ 31 ] with COVID-19 infection caused by the Delta variant …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To identify datasets of RT-PCR positivity for inclusion in the analysis, we used published data that satisfied the following conditions: (i) survival curve observed among individuals with mild COVID-19 infection or non-hospitalized individuals (i.e., not biased toward severe cases only), (ii) testing among individuals preferentially infected with the Delta variant, and (iii) individuals who remained unvaccinated. Accordingly, a study from the United States used RT-PCR data of unvaccinated prisoners with COVID-19 infection caused by the Delta variant [ 31 ]. That study provided a survival curve that started from the date of symptom onset.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing the COVID-19 incidence in India using airport screening data in Japan

Liu,

Anzai,

Nishiura

2024

BMC Infect Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background A major epidemic of COVID-19 caused by the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) occurred in India from March to July 2021, resulting in 19 million documented cases. Given the limited healthcare and testing capacities, the actual number of infections is likely to have been greater than reported, and several modelling studies and excess mortality research indicate that this epidemic involved substantial morbidity and mortality. Methods To estimate the incidence during this epidemic, we used border entry screening data in Japan to estimate the daily incidence and cumulative incidence of COVID-19 infection in India. Analysing the results of mandatory testing among non-Japanese passengers entering Japan from India, we calculated the prevalence and then backcalculated the incidence in India from February 28 to July 3, 2021. Results The estimated number of infections ranged from 448 to 576 million people, indicating that 31.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 26.1, 37.7) – 40.9% (95% CI: 33.5, 48.4) of the population in India had experienced COVID-19 infection from February 28 to July 3, 2021. In addition to obtaining cumulative incidence that was consistent with published estimates, we showed that the actual incidence of COVID-19 infection during the 2021 epidemic in India was approximately 30 times greater than that based on documented cases, giving a crude infection fatality risk of 0.47%. Adjusting for test-negative certificate before departure, the quality control of which was partly questionable, the cumulative incidence can potentially be up to 2.3–2.6 times greater than abovementioned estimates. Conclusions Our estimate of approximately 32–41% cumulative infection risk from February 28 to July 3, 2021 is roughly consistent with other published estimates, and they can potentially be greater, given an exit screening before departure. The present study results suggest the potential utility of border entry screening data to backcalculate the incidence in countries with limited surveillance capacity owing to a major surge in infections.

show abstract

“…In a similar study of prison settings that aimed to analyze the infectiousness of different groups according to vaccination status, it was deduced that it isn't guaranteed that vaccinated individuals have decreased infectiousness. In some cases, it was even observed that vaccinated individuals had a longer duration of virus positivity in contrast to some unvaccinated individuals, and thus the authors concluded that the vaccinated are no less infectious than the unvaccinated [42]. [43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elaboration and Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Data in the Frame of Occupational Safety and Health Assessment in Sustainable Engineering Systems

Tatli,

Marhavilas

2024

Safety

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Facing the threat of SARS-CoV-2, several countries implemented protective measures to annihilate the waves of the pandemic. Apart from quarantine, social distancing, frequent disinfection, and the use of a face mask, vaccination against COVID-19 soon became available. The measures taken in the workplace to inhibit the spread of the virus were important, as some controversial policies emerged regarding the vaccination status of employees. The “health pass” changed the workplace environment immensely, as in many job sectors vaccination became mandatory. Unvaccinated employees were required to undergo specific COVID-19 tests to access their workplace, while other specialized workers such as health workers were removed from their work altogether. Such measures would be justified if it was certain that vaccinated people cannot transmit the virus, but over the course of years this hypothesis seems to have faded. The main aim of this study is the confirmation (or the non-validation) of this hypothesis and of the specific applied measures through the elaboration and statistical analysis of vaccination data from 35 countries in relation to their daily announced infections over the time frame from the forty-fourth week of 2021 to the fourth week of 2022. This is examined from an occupational safety and health (OSH) perspective (taking into account the three pillars of sustainability) concerning risk management and safety assessment at the workplaces of sustainable engineering systems (SES). The findings imply that this hypothesis is contestable. Therefore, it is doubtful whether workplace segregation measures were socially and economically sustainable. It is deduced that (i) the complete freedom of vaccinated employees was a situation which intensified occupational risk, degraded the safety level at the workplaces of sustainable engineering systems, and increased the OSH risk management difficulties, and, on the other hand, (ii) the financial burden of mandatory unemployment and frequent testing was not justified and economically sustainable for the unvaccinated individuals in the middle of a worldwide economic crisis.

show abstract

Transmission potential of vaccinated and unvaccinated persons infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in a federal prison, July—August 2021

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

Duration of SARS-CoV-2 shedding: A systematic review

Duration of SARS-CoV-2 shedding: A systematic review

Reconstructing the COVID-19 incidence in India using airport screening data in Japan

Elaboration and Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Data in the Frame of Occupational Safety and Health Assessment in Sustainable Engineering Systems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About