Transmission potential of vaccinated and unvaccinated persons infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in a federal prison, July—August 2021

Salvatore, Phillip P.; Lee, Christine C.; Sleweon, Sadia; McCormick, David W.; Nicolae, Lavinia; Knipe, Kristen; Dixon, Thomas; Banta, Robert; Ogle, Isaac; Young, Cristen; Dusseau, Charles; Salmonson, Shawn; Ogden, Charles; Godwin, Eric; Ballom, TeCora; Ross, Tara; Wynn, Nhien T.; David, Ebenezer; Bessey, Theresa; Kim, Gimin; Suppiah, Suganthi; Tamin, Azaibi; Harcourt, Jennifer L.; Sheth, Mili; Lowe, Luis; Browne, Hannah; Tate, Jacqueline E.; Kirking, Hannah L.; Hagan, Liesl M.

doi:10.1101/2021.11.12.21265796

“…Longitudinal analyses of infectious viral shedding comparing vaccinated against unvaccinated individuals have shown conflicting outcomes, depending on the study population. In studies focused on university students and employees [26,29], the infectious period was shorter in vaccinated individuals. By contrast, in a federal prison population [29] the infectious period was similar in vaccinated and unvaccinated persons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In studies focused on university students and employees [26,29], the infectious period was shorter in vaccinated individuals. By contrast, in a federal prison population [29] the infectious period was similar in vaccinated and unvaccinated persons. Recent data focused on the infectious virus titers over the first five days following symptom onset additionally indicate that vaccination, in the context of Delta circulation, leads to a reduction in the magnitude of infectious virus in early infection compared to unvaccinated Correlation between the maximum viral RNA level (N copies/ml) for a given participant and the infectious viral titer of that same nasal specimen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious viral shedding of SARS-CoV-2 Delta following vaccination: A longitudinal cohort study

Garcia-Knight

¹

,

Anglin

²

,

Tassetto

³

et al. 2022

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The impact of vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 infectiousness is not well understood. We compared longitudinal viral shedding dynamics in unvaccinated and fully vaccinated adults. SARS-CoV-2-infected adults were enrolled within 5 days of symptom onset and nasal specimens were self-collected daily for two weeks and intermittently for an additional two weeks. SARS-CoV-2 RNA load and infectious virus were analyzed relative to symptom onset stratified by vaccination status. We tested 1080 nasal specimens from 52 unvaccinated adults enrolled in the pre-Delta period and 32 fully vaccinated adults with predominantly Delta infections. While we observed no differences by vaccination status in maximum RNA levels, maximum infectious titers and the median duration of viral RNA shedding, the rate of decay from the maximum RNA load was faster among vaccinated; maximum infectious titers and maximum RNA levels were highly correlated. Furthermore, amongst participants with infectious virus, median duration of infectious virus detection was reduced from 7.5 days (IQR: 6.0–9.0) in unvaccinated participants to 6 days (IQR: 5.0–8.0) in those vaccinated (P = 0.02). Accordingly, the odds of shedding infectious virus from days 6 to 12 post-onset were lower among vaccinated participants than unvaccinated participants (OR 0.42 95% CI 0.19–0.89). These results indicate that vaccination had reduced the probability of shedding infectious virus after 5 days from symptom onset.

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“…In studies focused on university students and employees 15 , the infectious period was shorter in vaccinated individuals. By contrast, in a federal prison population 29 the infectious period was similar in vaccinated and unvaccinated persons. Recent data focused on the infectious virus titers over the first five days following symptom onset additionally indicate that vaccination, in the context of Delta circulation, leads to a reduction in the magnitude of infectious virus in early infection compared to unvaccinated persons 30 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Infectious viral shedding of SARS-CoV-2 Delta following vaccination: a longitudinal cohort study

Garcia-Knight

¹

,

Anglin

²

,

Tassetto

³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The impact of vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 infectiousness is not well understood. We compared longitudinal viral shedding dynamics in unvaccinated and fully vaccinated adults. SARS-CoV-2-infected adults were enrolled within 5 days of symptom onset and nasal specimens were self-collected daily for two weeks and intermittently for an additional two weeks. SARS-CoV-2 RNA load and infectious virus were analyzed relative to symptom onset stratified by vaccination status. We tested 1080 nasal specimens from 52 unvaccinated adults enrolled in the pre-Delta period and 32 fully vaccinated adults with predominantly Delta infections. While we observed no differences by vaccination status in maximum RNA levels, maximum infectious titers and the median duration of viral RNA shedding, the rate of decay from the maximum RNA load was faster among vaccinated; maximum infectious titers and maximum RNA levels were highly correlated. Furthermore, amongst participants with infectious virus, median duration of infectious virus detection was reduced from 7.5 days (IQR: 6.0-9.0) in unvaccinated participants to 6 days (IQR: 5.0-8.0) in those vaccinated (P=0.02). Accordingly, the odds of shedding infectious virus from days 6 to 12 post-onset were lower among vaccinated participants than unvaccinated participants (OR 0.42 95% CI 0.19-0.89). These results indicate that vaccination had reduced the probability of shedding infectious virus after 5 days from symptom onset.Significance statementWe present longitudinal data on the magnitude, duration and decay rate of viral RNA and the magnitude and duration of infectious virus in nasal specimens from vaccinated and unvaccinated participants. On average, vaccinated participants (infected with the highly transmissible Delta variant) showed a lower probability of having infectious virus after 5 days of symptoms compared to unvaccinated participants (infected with mostly pre-delta viral lineages), even though both groups had a similar magnitude of infectious virus at or near the peak. These data help improve our understanding of the duration of the infectious period when infection occurs following vaccination and serves as a reference for future studies of shedding dynamics following infections with novel variants of concern.

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“…However, contradictory evidence showed that the viral loads of breakthrough infections after full vaccination were similar with those in unvaccinated individuals (11, 12). More recently, a preprint study carried out in a prison demonstrated that there was no significant difference in the duration of RT-PCR positivity and the kinetics of Ct values between fully vaccinated participants and those not fully vaccinated (13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive analyses reveal the impacts of vaccination status and physiological variables in early infection on viral persistence in COVID-19 patients: a retrospective single-center cohort study

Tian

¹

,

Zhang

²

,

Wang

³

et al. 2022

Preprint

0

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BACKGROUNDViral persistence is a crucial factor that influences the communicability of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the impacts of vaccination status and physiological variables on viral RNA shedding have not been adequately clarified.METHODSIn this study, we retrospectively collected the clinical records of 377 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, which contained unvaccinated patients and patients received two doses of an inactivated vaccine or an mRNA vaccine. Firstly, we analyzed the impacts of vaccination on disease severity and viral RNA persistence. Next, to clarify the impacts of physiological variables on viral RNA shedding in COVID-19 patients, we retrieved 49 laboratory variables and analyzed their correlations with the duration of viral RNA shedding. Finally, we established a multivariate regression model to predict the duration of viral RNA shedding.RESULTSOur results showed that both inactivated and mRNA vaccines significantly reduced the rate of moderate cases, while the vaccine related shortening of viral RNA shedding were only observed in moderate patients. Correlation analysis showed that 10 significant laboratory variables were shared by the unvaccinated mild patients and mild patients inoculated with an inactivated vaccine, but not by the mild patients inoculated with an mRNA vaccine. Moreover, we demonstrated that a multivariate regression model established based on the variables correlating with viral persistence in unvaccinated mild patients could predict the duration of viral shedding for all groups of patients.CONCLUSIONSVaccination contributed limitedly to the clearance viral RNA in COVID-19 patients. While, laboratory variables in early infection could predict the persistence of viral RNA.

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Transmission potential of vaccinated and unvaccinated persons infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in a federal prison, July—August 2021

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Infectious viral shedding of SARS-CoV-2 Delta following vaccination: A longitudinal cohort study

Infectious viral shedding of SARS-CoV-2 Delta following vaccination: A longitudinal cohort study

Infectious viral shedding of SARS-CoV-2 Delta following vaccination: a longitudinal cohort study

Comprehensive analyses reveal the impacts of vaccination status and physiological variables in early infection on viral persistence in COVID-19 patients: a retrospective single-center cohort study

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