Transmission risks of respiratory infectious diseases in various confined spaces: A meta-analysis for future pandemics

Moon, Jee Youn; Ryu, Beyong Hwan

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.111679

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…It is well described that the spreading of a contagious illness implicates disease-related elements including infectious mediator, route of broadcast, latent period, infectious stage, susceptivity, and resistance [ 26 ]. Infectious disease model defining a spread mediators in an enclosed population and containing susceptible (S), infectives (I), and recovers (R) were introduced by Kermack in 1927.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Global Stability for a Generalized SEIR Epidemic Model

Chun-rong

2022

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience

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In the current study, a generalized SEIR epidemic model is studied. The generalized fractional-order SEIR model (susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) epidemic) model differentiated the population into susceptible population, exposure population, infected population, and rehabilitation population and has fundamental mentoring importance for the forecast of the probable outburst of infectious ailments. The fundamental duplicated quantity R 0 is inferred. When R 0 < 1 , the disease-free equilibrium (DFE) is particular and tending towards stability. When R 0 > 1 , the endemic equilibrium is sole. In addition, certain circumstances are set up to make sure the local progressive stability of disease-free and endemic equilibrium. Considering the influence of the individual behavior, a broader SEIR epidemic model is raised, which classified the population into susceptible, exposure, infected, and rehabilitation. What is more, the basic reproduction number, that regulates whether the infection will die out or not, is obtained by the spectral radius of the next-generation matrix; moreover, the global stability of DFE and endemic equilibrium are analyzed by a geometry method.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Global Stability for a Generalized SEIR Epidemic Model

Chun-rong

2022

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience

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“…Because pathogens causing respiratory infections are spreading between persons mostly through droplets and aerosols, air flows and air filtering are major parameters, especially when accommodations are cramped and used by many persons simultaneously (9). A systematic review of studies on long-distance airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor community settings provides insight into factors contributing to such transmission (33); that review identified insufficient air replacement as a critical determinant of transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive Spread of SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant among Vaccinated Persons during 7-Day River Cruise, the Netherlands

Veenstra¹,

Schelven²,

Have³

et al. 2023

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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C ruise ships have long been associated with an increased risk for outbreaks of infectious diseases, illustrated by transmissions of respiratory pathogens and pathogenic microorganisms spreading by the fecal-oral route (1-5). The special circumstances on a cruise ship with crowded, confined spaces, where fresh air supply is sometimes limited, contributes to the risk for spreading airborne pathogens (6-9). An additional factor is that the passengers on cruise ships are in general of older age and therefore more susceptible to infections (10).The consequences of an outbreak of an infectious disease on a seafaring cruise can be massive (11)(12)(13).At every port, exchange of passengers occurs, leading to a new risk for introduction of a contagious disease. Besides the financial and commercial consequences, the distance to medical facilities is sometimes considerable, which hinders medical consultation and eventual hospitalization. Therefore, companies organizing seafaring cruises take extensive measures to reduce risks by appointing medically trained personnel, installing care facilities on board, and training personnel to be vigilant about presence of symptomatic passengers that might point to infectious diseases. In addition, prevention plans, outbreak protocols, and procedures for early contact with port health authorities, consistent with provisions of the Maritime Declaration of Health, Annex 8 of the World Health Organization International Health Regulations (14), should be installed (15,16).In contrast to the preparedness for seafaring cruises, only limited attention is given to those risks on river cruise ships (17), although there are many characteristics in common with the larger seafaring cruise ships. In general, river cruises are subject to less regulation concerning medical preparedness (expertise and facilities) because of proximity of shorebased facilities. It has been reported that the number of (river) cruises was increasing worldwide before the pandemic (18). Therefore, closer attention is justified.The outbreak of infection with SARS-CoV-2 on the seafaring cruise ship Diamond Princess in early 2020 gained worldwide attention (19), and many studies were directed at conditions on the ship and handling of viral spread among passengers (20-24). During the COVID-19 pandemic, additional outbreaks on boats and seagoing cruise ships were reported (12,17,25). Sekizuka et al. ( 26) reported a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak at a river-cruise ship sailing the Nile. However, there is only limited awareness of the risk for spread and handling of airborne pathogens on river cruise ships (27).

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“…Long-range aerosol transmission, as can occur in humans 55 , cannot be measured in our current experimental setup. Nevertheless, the model features behavioral situations favorable for both influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 transmission, as shown both in humans and in more classical animal model systems: prolonged time of exposure 56 , proximity of individuals in enclosed spaces 57 and cohabitation with household members 54,[58][59][60] . In addition, our non-invasive sample collection method from individual pups allows us to longitudinally measure temporal dynamics and amplitude of viral shedding, both factors that are critical in respiratory virus transmission 18,33,34,[61][62][63] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A neonatal mouse model characterizes transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 variants and reveals a role for ORF8

Rodriguez-Rodriguez

Ciabattoni

Valero-Jimenez

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Small animal models have been a challenge for the study of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, with most investigators using golden hamsters or ferrets. Mice have the advantages of low cost, wide availability, less regulatory and husbandry challenges, and a versatile reagent and genetic toolbox. However, adult mice do not transmit SARS-CoV-2. Here we establish a model based on neonatal mice that allows for transmission of clinical SARS-CoV-2 isolates. We characterize tropism, respiratory tract replication and transmission of ancestral WA-1 compared to variants alpha (B.1.1.7), beta (B.1.351), gamma (P.1), delta (B.1.617.2) and omicron (B.1.1.529). We found that an index shedding threshold is a key determinant for viral transmissibility. Furthermore, we characterize two recombinant SARS-CoV-2 lacking either the ORF6 or ORF8 host antagonists. The removal of ORF8 shifts viral replication towards the lower respiratory tract, resulting in delayed and reduced transmission. Our results demonstrate the potential of our neonatal mouse model to characterize viral and host determinants of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, while revealing for the first time a role for an accessory protein this context. We now have a tractable small animal model to help us decipher and counteract some of the most decisive aspects of SARS-CoV-2 continued spread in the human population.

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Transmission risks of respiratory infectious diseases in various confined spaces: A meta-analysis for future pandemics

Cited by 13 publications

References 51 publications

Study on the Global Stability for a Generalized SEIR Epidemic Model

Study on the Global Stability for a Generalized SEIR Epidemic Model

Extensive Spread of SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant among Vaccinated Persons during 7-Day River Cruise, the Netherlands

A neonatal mouse model characterizes transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 variants and reveals a role for ORF8

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