Transnational environmental crime threatens sustainable development

Gore, Meredith L.; Braszak, Patrick; Brown, James H.; Cassey, Phillip; Duffy, Rosaleen; Fisher, Judith; Graham, Jessica Lynn; Justo-Hanani, Ronit; Kirkwood, Andrea E.; Lunstrum, Elizabeth; Machalaba, Catherine; Massé, Francis; Manguiat, Maria Socorro Z.; Omrow, Delon Alain; Stoett, Peter; Wyatt, Tanya; White, Robert

doi:10.1038/s41893-019-0363-6

Cited by 38 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…As one media article put it, consumer motivation could be understood as stemming from a rapidly growing "fever" among "housewives" and "hipsters" (i.e., mass consumer market) for succulents in Korea and China in general (Lanyon, 2018), with wild-harvested D. farinosa plants possessing greater value and monetary worth due to their exotic provenance and having wild-origin characteristics (especially in color, form, and size) compared to cultivated plants. This framing of "housewives" and "hipsters" being the driving consumer market behind this trade was echoed by several other media articles, suggesting that the emergent trade in D. farinosa was the unfortunate result of the craze for other mass-market succulents in large sectors of the overall population (e.g., Horowitz-Ghazi, 2018;McCormick, 2018;Goodyear, 2019). In this context, "housewives" and "hipsters" are codes for particular consumer market sectors-namely, married women whose primary activities may be domestic responsibilities ("housewives"), and a growing market of plant enthusiasts within the 'millennial' and 'Gen-Z' generations ("hipsters").…”

Section: Spiritual-spiritual Well Beingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Korean ‘Housewives’ and ‘Hipsters’ Are Not Driving a New Illicit Plant Trade: Complicating Consumer Motivations Behind an Emergent Wildlife Trade in Dudleya farinosa

Margulies

2020

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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Illegal trade in wild plants receives less scientific and policy attention than illegal trade in wild animals and animal-derived products. One exception to this generalizable trend is the recent emergence of an illegal trade in the California succulent species Dudleya farinosa. US officials and mainstream media reporting on these incidents suggest the final destination of these plants is succulent consumer markets in South Korea and other East Asian countries. It is believed that this illegal trade emerged in response to sudden and widespread consumer demand for succulents due to: (1) the increasing popularity of succulent plants in mainstream South Korean and East Asian cultures writ large; and (2) the preferential valuing of 'wild' versus cultivated plants by succulent consumers. Based on findings from content analysis of media reports and in-depth qualitative interviews in California and South Korea, I argue instead for a more nuanced perspective of the drivers of this emergent trade, with the primary motivational desire for these plants coming from a selective and highly skilled community of succulent enthusiasts, rather than mainstream plant consumer groups. In presenting these findings I demonstrate the importance of in-depth, critical qualitative research for exploring the emergence of particular trades in wildlife in order to inform more sustainable and legal trades. I clarify the primary drivers of this new trade in Dudleya farinosa as an illegal but logical response to the economics and temporalities of plant trade. I offer suggestions on how these findings can inform more sustainable solutions to the illicit extraction of wild plants in meeting consumer demand.

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Section: Spiritual-spiritual Well Beingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Korean ‘Housewives’ and ‘Hipsters’ Are Not Driving a New Illicit Plant Trade: Complicating Consumer Motivations Behind an Emergent Wildlife Trade in Dudleya farinosa

Margulies

2020

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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“…triggered by large-scale maritime catastrophes, such as the cases of the 'Erika' (Giovannini et al 2013) or the 'Prestige' (Frank 2005, Penela-Arenaz et al 2009, García Ruiz 2014. The Mattese tanker 'Erika', sank off the coast of Brittany (France) in 1999, eventually broke in two parts carrying about 30, 000 tonnes of heavy fuel oil and as a result, 14,000 tonnes of oil were spilled.…”

Section: Some Of the Most Important Developments In Marine Pollution mentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-Crimes and Ecocide at Sea: Toward a New Blue Criminology

Ruiz

South

Brisman

2020

Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol

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This essay adopts an interdisciplinary approach to consider the meaning of “eco-crime” in the aquatic environment and draws on marine science, the study of criminal law and environmental law, and the criminology of environmental harms. It reviews examples of actions and behaviors of concern, such as offences committed by transnational organized crime and the legal and illegal over-exploitation of marine resources, and it discusses responses related to protection, prosecution and punishment, including proposals for an internationally accepted and enforced law of ecocide. One key element of the policy and practice of ending ecocide is the call to prioritize the adoption of technologies that are benign and renewable. Our essay concludes with a description of the “Almadraba” method of fishing to illustrate that there are ways in which the principles of sustainability and restoration can be applied in an ethical and just way in the context of modern fisheries.

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“…IWT is linked to the spread of zoonotic diseases (Gómez and Aguirre, 2008;Pavlin et al, 2009) and is associated with kleptocracy, corruption, money laundering, degradation of the rule of law, national insecurity, undercutting of sustainable development investments, erosion of cultural resources, and convergence with other serious crimes (Shelley, 2018). IWT-related risks are reinforced by the cross-border and transboundary nature of wildlife crime, diversity of wildlife populations, community-based management regimes, and rural-urban connectivity (Hübschle, 2017;Gore et al, 2019). Efforts to reduce risks associated with IWT may generate new risks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities for Transdisciplinary Science to Mitigate Biosecurity Risks From the Intersectionality of Illegal Wildlife Trade With Emerging Zoonotic Pathogens

et al. 2021

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Existing collaborations among public health practitioners, veterinarians, and ecologists do not sufficiently consider illegal wildlife trade in their surveillance, biosafety, and security (SB&S) efforts even though the risks to health and biodiversity from these threats are significant. We highlight multiple cases to illustrate the risks posed by existing gaps in understanding the intersectionality of the illegal wildlife trade and zoonotic disease transmission. We argue for more integrative science in support of decision-making using the One Health approach. Opportunities abound to apply transdisciplinary science to sustainable wildlife trade policy and programming, such as combining on-the-ground monitoring of health, environmental, and social conditions with an understanding of the operational and spatial dynamics of illicit wildlife trade. We advocate for (1) a surveillance sample management system for enhanced diagnostic efficiency in collaboration with diverse and local partners that can help establish new or link existing surveillance networks, outbreak analysis, and risk mitigation strategies; (2) novel analytical tools and decision support models that can enhance self-directed local livelihoods by addressing monitoring, detection, prevention, interdiction, and remediation; (3) enhanced capacity to promote joint SB&S efforts that can encourage improved human and animal health, timely reporting, emerging disease detection, and outbreak response; and, (4) enhanced monitoring of illicit wildlife trade and supply chains across the heterogeneous context within which they occur. By integrating more diverse scientific disciplines, and their respective scientists with indigenous people and local community insight and risk assessment data, we can help promote a more sustainable and equitable wildlife trade.

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Transnational environmental crime threatens sustainable development

Cited by 38 publications

References 7 publications

Korean ‘Housewives’ and ‘Hipsters’ Are Not Driving a New Illicit Plant Trade: Complicating Consumer Motivations Behind an Emergent Wildlife Trade in Dudleya farinosa

Korean ‘Housewives’ and ‘Hipsters’ Are Not Driving a New Illicit Plant Trade: Complicating Consumer Motivations Behind an Emergent Wildlife Trade in Dudleya farinosa

Eco-Crimes and Ecocide at Sea: Toward a New Blue Criminology

Opportunities for Transdisciplinary Science to Mitigate Biosecurity Risks From the Intersectionality of Illegal Wildlife Trade With Emerging Zoonotic Pathogens

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