Transnational immigrant entrepreneurship: effects of home-country entrepreneurial ecosystem factors

Abstract

PurposeThe purpose of this theoretical paper is to explore how immigrants' home-country entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE) factors impact transnational immigrant entrepreneurs (TIEs). The paper draws on the dual embeddedness and transnational entrepreneurship theories to explore how the home-country EE influences transnational immigrant entrepreneurship (TIE).Design/methodology/approachThis research adopted a qualitative case study methodology involving content analysis of secondary data. It analyzed data set against the existing EE framework to constructively explore the home-country effects.FindingsThe findings reveal that all home-country EE domains and associated factors affect TIEs. The paper established six testable propositions with regard to the home-country EE domains: accessible market, human capital, social culture, infrastructure and business support and government policies. A number of new factors were identified for each home-country EE domain. Finally, the paper provided future research directions.Research limitations/implicationsCare has to be taken in generalizing the findings from this research due to the small sample of contemporary Chinese immigrants in Australia and New Zealand. The propositions also require empirical testing.Practical implicationsThe findings contribute to the TIE literature by identifying new factors of the home-country EE and presenting testable propositions. The results have impact on immigration policies and programs.Social implicationsTransnational immigrant entrepreneurship can be a pathway to help immigrants to integrate into mainstream society. The findings from this article indirectly contribute to immigrant social development.Originality/valueThis original article fills research gaps by analyzing how home-country EE elements affect TIE. It reveals that the EE framework is effective for investigating it.

Entrepreneurship Post-C19: Gender and Fnancing Abroad

“…The results suggest that equality in economic participation narrows and political ISSN: 2167ISSN: -1907 www.JSR.org participation widens the entrepreneurship gender gap, but that a country's business regulation efficiency moderates both relationships negatively. In addition, Duan et al (2021) examines how home-country entrepreneurial ecosystems (EE) influence transnational immigrant entrepreneurship (TIE). They find that all home-country EE domains and associated factors affect TIEs, including accessible market, human capital, social culture, infrastructure, business support and government policies.…”

Immigrant entrepreneurship motivation – scientific production, field development, thematic antecedents, measurement elements and research agenda

“…IEM environmental factor studies have been extended from individual environments to wider socioeconomic, political-institutional and cultural influences to entrepreneurial ecosystem domains in the past two decades (Duan et al , 2020; Sequeira et al , 2017; Gomez et al , 2015). Environmental studies' boundary has expanded from the neighborhoods and ethnic communities to host-country and home-country entrepreneurial environment research (Pruthi et al , 2018; Shinnar and Nayır, 2019; Selmer et al , 2018).…”

“…The IE business environment comprises a number of subdomains: socioeconomic status market, fund and finance, government policies, business support and infrastructure, cultural capital and legal system – all in the context of the host and home countries. It was described by Duan et al (2020) as an IEE. Over 250 business environmental variables were used by researchers and respondents in extracted papers; examples include: “political situation had an effect on sales;” “informal networks of support;” “employees of the same ethnic community, employing the only family;” “co-ethnic information;” “legal system protects entrepreneur and business in case of conflicts;” “legal advisor;” “major bottleneck in business;” “use of information sources;” “managerial and operational support;” “sole proprietorship” and “purchase the business from a non-family member.” Market niches are an important business environment research variable; presented variables include: “other immigrants;” “co-ethnic customers;” “half customers are of ethnic background;” “targeted ethnic migrants;” “enclave focus” and “co-ethnic clients.”…”

Spatialities of entrepreneurial ecosystems

“…In particular, the debate on governance could benefit from this constructivist approach and would allow EEs to be understood from a perception of power. The notion of scale also refers to the transnational connection between entrepreneurial ecosystems and between entrepreneurial ecosystems and non‐entrepreneurial regions initiated by migrants (Duan et al., 2020; Harima et al., 2020), organizations such as accelerators (Kuebart & Ibert, 2019), and digital technologies (Autio et al., 2018; Haefner & Sternberg, in press). These relational geographical contributions demonstrate both theoretically and empirically that entrepreneurial ecosystems are not isolated regional networks but that a major input for entrepreneurial practices on the individual level and also for entire ecosystems is rooted in the exchange of people, ideas or resources across geographical distance (Malecki, 2011).…”