Transnational Migrant Entrepreneurship Policies in the Maghreb Countries: Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco

Abstract

This chapter explores how the economic context shapes the Transnational Migrant Entrepreneurship’s (TME) Policies in three different migratory regimes: Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco. First, the theoretical background, linking the traditional migration and development debate with a more recent discussion linking migration, transnationalism, and entrepreneurship is reviewed. Second, the influence of the economic context on governments’ to adopt TME’s policies is analyzed. Findings have shown that Tunisia has adopted a step-by-step entrepreneurship migration policy building, Algeria has taken a two-in-one entrepreneurship policy for nationals and bi-nationals, and Morocco has chosen to trigger two parallel entrepreneurship policies for both nationals and their migrants living abroad. The discussion of these outcomes has concluded that the interrelation between the economic context and the political realm drive new patterns of TME’s policies in the three Maghreb countries. These findings open a theoretical debate on how the traditional migration/development discussion draws new understandings on the Global South and Global North relations.