Transnational Record Linkage for Tuberculosis Surveillance and Program Evaluation

Aiona, Kaylynn; Lowenthal, Phillip; Painter, John A.; Reves, Randall; Flood, Jennifer; Parker, Matthew; Fu, Yunxin; Wall, Kirsten; Walter, Nicholas D.

doi:10.1177/003335491513000511

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This may have led to misclassification. Finally, this study was also unable to distinguish reinfection from true relapse (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US), 2007;Aiona et al, 2015). Further molecular epidemiological studies are required to characterize the difference in molecular characteristics of M. tuberculosis present at the initial and repeat episodes, and to assess for the development of acquired drug resistance associated with initial therapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Recurrence of tuberculosis among patients following treatment completion in eight provinces of Vietnam: A nested case-control study

Bestrashniy

Nguyen

et al. 2018

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Recurrence of tuberculosis among patients following treatment completion in eight provinces of Vietnam: A nested case-control study

Bestrashniy

Nguyen

et al. 2018

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…130 This would allow TB care providers in receiving countries to follow up migrants with TB (and those with LTBI), as well as monitor treatment outcomes. 138 TB record sharing should follow national and regional guidelines for confidentiality in medical records and enable migrants to 'own' and move with their records. Health passports or electronic medical records that have been successfully applied in delivering antiretroviral therapy services could be adapted for TB patients in border regions.…”

Section: Pillar One: Migrant-sensitive Care and Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of tuberculosis and migration

Dhavan

Dias

Creswell³

et al. 2017

int j tuberc lung dis

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With nearly one billion migrants worldwide, migration is both a dynamic and a divisive phenomenon facing the world today. Migrants are a heterogeneous group, and the conditions surrounding migration pathways often pose risks to the physical, mental and social well-being of migrants, with certain subgroups being more vulnerable than others. Several determinants of health and tuberculosis (TB) interplay to increase the vulnerability of migrants to tuberculous infection, TB disease and poor treatment outcomes, making them a key population for TB. This article is the first in the State-of-the-Art series of the International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease on TB and migration. It provides an overview of migration trends, migration pathways and social determinants, and impact on TB. This article outlines a framework for the prevention and reduction of the TB burden among migrants, adapted from the World Health Organization's End TB Strategy, and in accordance with the Stop TB Partnership's Global Plan and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) agenda. The framework highlights the need for migrant-inclusive national TB plans, and calls for action across all three pillars of the End TB Strategy for migrant-sensitive care and prevention, bold intersectoral policies and systems supportive of migrants, and operational research. More research is needed on the TB burden and challenges faced by migrants and on the feasibility and effectiveness of approaches proposed here and the scaling up of models already underway. Political commitment at the highest national and international levels will be critical to intensify action for promoting the health of migrants on the road to achieving the end TB targets.

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“…Few linked data are available for incident tuberculosis after migration to low-incidence countries in populations screened before entry, and even fewer data are available for risk factors for subsequent development of disease in this screened population. Investigators in previous studies focused on prevalent cases detected during pre-entry screening, 6 used national tuberculosis notification data alone with no linkage to pre-entry screening records, 7 or followed up a selected cohort of individuals from a few countries or subnationally after arrival 8, 9, 10. Thus, the most effective approach to reduction of the disease burden in migrants from high-incidence to low-incidence countries—including latent tuberculosis screening and treatment, active case finding, and improvement of health-care access—is uncertain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis in migrants moving from high-incidence to low-incidence countries: a population-based cohort study of 519 955 migrants screened before entry to England, Wales, and Northern Ireland

et al. 2016

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SummaryBackgroundTuberculosis elimination in countries with a low incidence of the disease necessitates multiple interventions, including innovations in migrant screening. We examined a cohort of migrants screened for tuberculosis before entry to England, Wales, and Northern Ireland and tracked the development of disease in this group after arrival.MethodsAs part of a pilot pre-entry screening programme for tuberculosis in 15 countries with a high incidence of the disease, the International Organization for Migration screened all applicants for UK visas aged 11 years or older who intended to stay for more than 6 months. Applicants underwent a chest radiograph, and any with results suggestive of tuberculosis underwent sputum testing and culture testing (when available). We tracked the development of tuberculosis in those who tested negative for the disease and subsequently migrated to England, Wales, and Northern Ireland with the Enhanced Tuberculosis Surveillance system. Primary outcomes were cases of all forms of tuberculosis (including clinically diagnosed cases), and bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis.FindingsOur study cohort was 519 955 migrants who were screened for tuberculosis before entry to the UK between Jan 1, 2006, and Dec 31, 2012. Cases notified on the Enhanced Tuberculosis Surveillance system between Jan 1, 2006, and Dec 31, 2013, were included. 1873 incident cases of all forms of tuberculosis were identified, and, on the basis of data for England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, the estimated incidence of all forms of tuberculosis in migrants screened before entry was 147 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI 140–154). The estimated incidence of bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis in migrants screened before entry was 49 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI 45–53). Migrants whose chest radiographs were compatible with active tuberculosis but with negative pre-entry microbiological results were at increased risk of tuberculosis compared with those with no radiographic abnormalities (incidence rate ratio 3·2, 95% CI 2·8–3·7; p<0·0001). Incidence of tuberculosis after migration increased significantly with increasing WHO-estimated prevalence of tuberculosis in migrants' countries of origin. 35 of 318 983 pre-entry screened migrants included in a secondary analysis with typing data were assumed index cases. Estimates of the rate of assumed reactivation tuberculosis ranged from 46 (95% CI 42–52) to 91 (82–102) per 100 000 population.InterpretationMigrants from countries with a high incidence of tuberculosis screened before being granted entry to low-incidence countries pose a negligible risk of onward transmission but are at increased risk of tuberculosis, which could potentially be prevented through identification and treatment of latent infection in close collaboration with a pre-entry screening programme.FundingWellcome Trust, UK National Institute for Health Research, UK Medical Research Council, Public Health England, and Department of Health Policy Research Programme.

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Transnational Record Linkage for Tuberculosis Surveillance and Program Evaluation

Cited by 5 publications

References 28 publications

Recurrence of tuberculosis among patients following treatment completion in eight provinces of Vietnam: A nested case-control study

Recurrence of tuberculosis among patients following treatment completion in eight provinces of Vietnam: A nested case-control study

An overview of tuberculosis and migration

Tuberculosis in migrants moving from high-incidence to low-incidence countries: a population-based cohort study of 519 955 migrants screened before entry to England, Wales, and Northern Ireland

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