Transnational society as a mirror of international society: a reinterpretation of contemporary world order

Abstract

Although there has been widespread attention to the apparent rise of a transnational society of cross-border non-state actors alongside the international society of states, transnational society and international society have traditionally been treated as distinctive domains with different institutions. This article, by contrast, aims to transform theorization of world order through its investigation of how actors in transnational society have developed institutions that mirror in notable respects some of the primary institutions of the international society of states such as through serving constitutive and regulative functions. In addition to delineating these institutions of transnational society, the article interrogates the interdependence of these institutions of transnational society and those of international society, as well as their differences and repercussions for world order. The analysis considers how, in conjunction with the contribution of institutions of international society to international order, institutions of transnational society contribute to transnational order. By exploring not only the tensions between but also the complementarities of transnational and interstate institutions, the article both provides a reinterpretation of contemporary world order and helps reveal the potential for its more harmonious operation.

Transnasyonel İlişkilerde Alternatif Rota: Transnasyonel Toplum

“…Tanım olarak transnasyonel toplum, devletlerin toplumları ile devlet olmayan aktörlerin birleşimidir. 48 Ek olarak transnasyonel toplum, şu üç parçadan oluşmaktadır: Kâr arayan özel oluşumlardan ya da hükümetsel kaynaktan olmaması, ulusal sınırları aşması ve birçok form alabilmesidir. 49 Transnasyonel toplumun diğer toplum türlerinden farklılıkları ve benzerlikleri konusunda ise transnasyonel toplumun; küresel sivil toplum, uluslararası toplum, sivil toplum ve dünya toplumu ile karşılaştırılması gerekmektedir.…”

Football's contribution to international order: the ludic and festive reproduction of international society by world societal actors

“…At base, normative world society refers to normative, or argumentative resources upon which actors can draw in justification processes and which remain to some 37 Buzan 2004;World Society Research Group 2000, 1-18;Babones and Aberg 2019. 38 Linsenmaier 2018, 95; see also Buzan 2004, 27-62. 39 Buzan 2004, 118;Pella 2013, 69 40 See Bellamy 2005, 286-7;Clark 2007;Davies 2019 41 Clark 2007, 13. 42 Falkner and Buzan 2019, 132. 43 Williams 2014, 127. 44 Willetts 2011, 72-80. 45 Davies 2019, 285. 46 Ibid., 287. degree 'separate from the structures of the society of states'.…”