Transnationalism and intra‐European mobility among Europe's second generation: review and research agenda

Barwick, Christine

doi:10.1111/glob.12181

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Furthermore, future work will need to pay more attention to intersections of gender and race, which remain unexplored by this article. Race and racism are especially relevant for black and ethnic minority Europeans, whose trajectories remain underresearched (Barwick, 2018). Future research will also need to explore how synchrony and asynchrony shape youth migrations outside Europe (Robertson et al, 2018a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unequal Youth Migrations: Exploring the Synchrony between Social Ageing and Social Mobility among Post-Crisis European Migrants

Varriale

2019

Sociology

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This article explores how symbolic boundaries between youth and adulthood shape experiences of upward and downward social mobility among EU migrants. Drawing on 56 biographical interviews with Italians who moved to England after the 2008 economic crisis, and focusing on three individual case studies, the article reveals that normative understandings of adulthood emerge as a central concern from participants’ biographical accounts, and that they mobilise unequal forms of cultural, economic and social capital to maintain a feeling of ‘synch’ between social ageing and social mobility. Drawing on Bourdieu and the sociology of adulthood, the article proposes the notion of synchrony to explore how tensions in the relationship between social ageing and social mobility shape experiences of migration. This allows for an innovative theoretical bridge between cultural class analysis, adulthood studies and migration studies, and for a better understanding of how intersections of class and age shape intra-European migrations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unequal Youth Migrations: Exploring the Synchrony between Social Ageing and Social Mobility among Post-Crisis European Migrants

Varriale

2019

Sociology

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“…To what extent, however, do these logics apply to the second generation’s motivations to leave the country where they grew up? It is more difficult to draw hypotheses on this question, as studies of second-generation transnational practices and mobility intentions vis-à-vis a country other than their parental homeland are almost non-existent (Barwick 2018). That said, we can imagine that moving to another “third” country may constitute a possible exit strategy for second generations facing experiences of marginalization in their birth country as well, in a similar way to return intentions.…”

Section: Previous Literature and Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a growing number of studies provide evidence that second-generation immigrants also engage in cross-border activities (Levitt and Waters, 2002), however, research, especially qualitative studies, has documented second-generation immigrants’ intentions or actual “return mobilities” (King and Christou 2011) to the parental origin country. Within this body of work, little research has examined mobility and transnational practices involving a country other than the ancestral homeland for second-generation immigrants (Barwick 2018) or the potential intergenerational disparities in migration intentions (Bettin, Cela, and Fokkema 2018). Because existing studies usually focus on one type of migration and/or one immigrant generation (e.g., Waldorf 1995; de Haas and Fokkema 2011; van Liempt 2011; Carling and Pettersen 2014), we lack a systematic comparison of return and onward migration behaviors and intentions, as well as their determinants across immigrant generations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Intergenerational Perspective on (Re)migration: Return and Onward Mobility Intentions across Immigrant Generations

Caron

2019

International Migration Review

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This article compares the prevalence and determinants of international mobility intentions across immigrant generations (G1, G1.5, G2, and G2.5), using French survey data. Two types of migration intentions are analyzed: (a) return to the (parents’) origin country and (b) onward migration to a third country. Results highlight migration intentions’ intergenerational variation and underlying logics. The probability to state return intentions is larger for G1 yet surprisingly similar to the stated return intentions for G2. By contrast, G2.5 (one immigrant and one French native parent) stand out as they are primarily characterized by onward migration intentions and are significantly less likely to consider “returning” to their sole immigrant parents’ origin country. Echoing the conceptual framework of “reactive transnationalism” or “reactive ethnicity,” the specific determinant of G2 return intentions appears to be their perception of discrimination. These findings show the value of (a) disaggregating the traditional first versus second generation dichotomy to understand the complexity of migration intentions and (b) including countries other than the parental homeland when studying second-generation transnational practices. More broadly, the article contributes to a better understanding of integration mechanisms by using migration intentions not only as proxies for population movements but also as a valuable framework providing empirical insights into immigrants’ personal relationship to both the country of residence and expected destination.

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“…What is more, born within Europe, the second generation can-like other Europeans-benefit from freedom of movement within the European Union (EU). Second-generation emigrants may therefore also select other destinations than the country of origin of their parents (Barwick, 2018).…”

Section: Mechanisms Specific To the Second Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Third, while the literature on 'return intentions' has focused on desires of the second generation to move to the country of origin of the parents, I broaden the scope of this study to include moves of the second generation directed at other destinations. This way, the study better addresses the need to treat the second generation not just as the descendants of immigrants, but also as full members of their national and European society (Barwick, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns and Drivers of Emigration of the Turkish Second Generation in the Netherlands

Jong¹,

Wieke²

2021

Eur J Population

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Using unique longitudinal data from the Dutch population registers, this study investigates the patterns and drivers of emigration of the Turkish second generation born in the Netherlands between 1983 and 1992. Around 13% of the Turkish second generation in the research population emigrated during early adulthood, as compared to 6% of their peers without immigrant parents. Half of the Turkish second-generation emigrants who reported their destination country moved to Turkey, while the other half moved to other destinations, especially the Dutch neighbouring countries. Among the Turkish second generation, unemployment over the previous year was found to increase the likelihood of emigration for individuals with low or middle levels of education, whereas no support was found that higher educated individuals (either employed or unemployed) are more likely to emigrate. However, if high-skilled unemployed individuals of the Turkish second generation emigrated, they appeared more likely to select Turkey as their destination as compared to other (or unknown) destinations. International migration experiences during childhood, living at the parental home, and residing in neighbourhoods with a high share of co-ethnics were also associated with a higher chance of emigration to Turkey, whereas living in the Dutch border regions was associated with a higher chance of emigration to other destinations. Together, the findings indicate that the Turkish second generation has a higher chance to emigrate than their peers without immigrant parents, and that mechanisms specific to the second generation apply to the migration behaviour of this group.

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Transnationalism and intra‐European mobility among Europe's second generation: review and research agenda

Abstract: International audienc

Cited by 7 publications

References 62 publications

Unequal Youth Migrations: Exploring the Synchrony between Social Ageing and Social Mobility among Post-Crisis European Migrants

Unequal Youth Migrations: Exploring the Synchrony between Social Ageing and Social Mobility among Post-Crisis European Migrants

An Intergenerational Perspective on (Re)migration: Return and Onward Mobility Intentions across Immigrant Generations

Patterns and Drivers of Emigration of the Turkish Second Generation in the Netherlands

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