Transneuronal tracing of neural pathways controlling an abdominal muscle, rectus abdominis, in the ferret

Billig, I.; Foris, J.; Card, J. Patrick; Yates, Bill J.

doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(98)01320-1

Cited by 50 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…For OB injections (Fig. 5A), the sequence of uptake and transport can be inferred from previous studies in other systems (26)(27)(28)(29). From these systems, it is known that after initial uptake into neurons, the virus is transported through the cell to be transferred across synapses on the dendrites in a retrograde manner.…”

Section: Prv Is Transported Across Reciprocal Dendrodendritic Synapsesmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Viral tracing identifies distributed columnar organization in the olfactory bulb

Willhite¹,

Nguyen²,

Masurkar³

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

157

142

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Olfactory sensory neurons converge onto glomeruli in the olfactory bulb (OB) to form modular information processing units. Similar input modules are organized in translaminar columns for other sensory modalities. It has been less clear in the OB whether the initial modular organization relates to a columnar structure in the deeper layers involved in local circuit processing. To probe synaptic connectivity in the OB, we injected a retrograde-specific strain of the pseudorabies virus into the rat OB and piriform cortex. The viral-staining patterns revealed a striking columnar organization that extended across all layers of the OB from the glomeruli to the deep granule cell layer. We hypothesize that the columns represent an extension of the glomerular unit. Specific patterning was observed, suggesting selective, rather than distance-dependent, center-surround connectivity. The results provide a previously undescribed basis for interpreting the synaptic connections between mitral and granule cells within the context of a columnar organization in the OB and have implications for olfactory coding and network organization.columns ͉ olfaction ͉ pseudorabies virus ͉ synaptic tracing T he mammalian brain receives a diverse array of information about the external environment through highly varied sensory modalities. In sensory systems as dissimilar as somatosensation, vision, and audition, a common organizing principle has emerged within the sensory cortices, the cortical column. Lorente de Nó (1) first suggested a higher-order columnar organization of neurons based on Golgi impregnation anatomy of cortical cells. Electrophysiological evidence in the somatosensory cortex later showed that neurons responded to deep or superficial mechanical stimulation in grouped, vertical columns (2). This organizational principle was subsequently found in other sensory areas such as visual (3, 4) and auditory cortices (5) and in higher-order areas such as association cortex (6). The olfactory bulb (OB) is a cortical region for which there have been indications of possible columnar connectivity, but this organizational principle has not been explored as thoroughly in the OB as in other brain regions.In the olfactory system, the segregation of sensory information begins with the convergence of olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) axonal subpopulations onto specific glomeruli (Fig. 6, which is published as supporting information on the PNAS web site) (7). In rodents, the axons of 10,000 OSNs expressing the same olfactory receptor type in the nasal epithelium converge onto at least two glomeruli in each OB, one lateral and one medial, arising from OSNs in the medial and lateral epithelium, respectively (8-13). The glomerulus and the intrabulbar neurons synaptically connected within it are thought to represent a modular information processing unit that sends odor information to pyramidal neurons in the olfactory cortex and other brain areas via the projection neurons, mitral and tufted cells.Olfactory projection neurons receive inhibition at the gl...

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Section: Prv Is Transported Across Reciprocal Dendrodendritic Synapsesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…PRV is neuron specific and passes transsynaptically to infect new neurons and renew the replication cycle (25). The Bartha strain used in this work is retrogradespecific, and expresses the GFP or mRed1 for visualization (PRV-152 or PRV-614, respectively) (26)(27)(28)(29)(30).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral tracing identifies distributed columnar organization in the olfactory bulb

Willhite¹,

Nguyen²,

Masurkar³

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

157

142

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“…PRV-Bartha is an attenuated strain of PRV developed as a vaccine (Bartha, 1961). It has been used widely for transneuronal tracing (cf., Enquist et al, 1999;C ard, 2000 for recent reviews), including in previous studies that provided the foundation for the present investigation (Billig et al, 1999;Yates et al, 1999). Preparation of PRV-BaBlu, a recombinant Bartha strain that expresses ␤-gal, has been described previously (Standish et al, 1995;K im et al, 1999).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The injection procedures conformed to those detailed in our previous viral transneuronal analyses of premotor circuits that modulate the activity of diaphragm and R A motoneurons (Billig et al, 1999;Yates et al, 1999). Animals were initially anesthetized using a mixture of ketamine (25 mg / kg) and xylazine (2.5 mg / kg) injected intramuscularly; anesthesia was supplemented with 0.5-1% isoflurane, which was vaporized in O 2 and administered through a face mask to maintain areflexia.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to the rat, the ventral portion of the ferret medial medullary reticular formation (MRF), particularly the magnocellular division, contained a substantial number of infected neurons after the injection of PRV into the diaphragm, although both species exhibited infection in the region of the ventrolateral reticular formation known to contain the ventral respiratory group . In another group of experiments, neurons in the MRF were also infected by transynaptic passage of PRV from the ferret rectus abdominis (RA) muscle, along with neurons in portions of the ventrolateral reticular formation known to contain the ventral respiratory group, the nucleus retroambiguus, and the raphe nuclei (Billig et al, 1999). The overlapping distribution of labeled MRF neurons after injection of PRV into either the diaphragm or RA raises two possibilities: that single neurons in this area could have collateralized projections to both inspiratory and expiratory motoneurons or that two populations of neurons with overlapping distributions provide parallel inputs to inspiratory and expiratory motoneurons, as is the case for cells in the ventral respiratory group (Feldman, 1986).…”

Section: Abstract: Pseudorabies Virus; Diaphragm; Abdominal Muscle; mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Definition of Neuronal Circuitry Controlling the Activity of Phrenic and Abdominal Motoneurons in the Ferret Using Recombinant Strains of Pseudorabies Virus

Billig¹,

Foris²,

et al. 2000

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During a number of behaviors, including vomiting and some postural adjustments, activity of both the diaphragm and abdominal muscles increases. Previous transneuronal tracing studies using injection of pseudorabies virus (PRV) into either the diaphragm or rectus abdominis (RA) of the ferret demonstrated that motoneurons innervating these muscles receive inputs from neurons in circumscribed regions of the spinal cord and brainstem, some of which have an overlapping distribution in the magnocellular part of the medullary reticular formation (MRF). This observation raises two possibilities: that two populations of MRF neurons provide independent inputs to inspiratory and expiratory motoneurons or that single MRF neurons have collateralized projections to both groups of motoneurons. The present study sought to distinguish between these prospects. For this purpose, recombinant isogenic strains of PRV were injected into these respiratory muscles in nine ferrets; the strain injected into the diaphragm expressed ␤-galactosidase, whereas that injected into RA expressed green fluorescent protein. Immunofluorescence localization of the unique reporters of each virus revealed three populations of infected premotor neurons, two of which expressed only one virus and a third group that contained both viruses. Dual-infected neurons were predominantly located in the magnocellular part of the MRF, but were absent from both the dorsal and ventral respiratory cell groups. These data suggest that coactivation of inspiratory and expiratory muscles during behaviors such as emesis and some postural adjustments can be elicited through collateralized projections from a single group of brainstem neurons located in the MRF.

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Viral Diseases of Ferrets

Kiupel¹,

Perpiñán²

2014

Biology and Diseases of the Ferret

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Transneuronal tracing of neural pathways controlling an abdominal muscle, rectus abdominis, in the ferret

Cited by 50 publications

References 42 publications

Viral tracing identifies distributed columnar organization in the olfactory bulb

Viral tracing identifies distributed columnar organization in the olfactory bulb

Definition of Neuronal Circuitry Controlling the Activity of Phrenic and Abdominal Motoneurons in the Ferret Using Recombinant Strains of Pseudorabies Virus

Viral Diseases of Ferrets

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