Transobturator Vaginal Tape Inside Out for Treatment of Urethral Sphincter Mechanism Incompetence in Female Dogs: Cadaveric Study and Preliminary Study in Continent Female Dogs

Abstract

TVT-O is a feasible and accurate procedure that can be performed in continent bitches with a low risk of complications.

Ureteral ectopia and urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence: an update on diagnosis and management options

“…This technique has thus been more recently taken forward by investigators for adaptation for use in dogs (Claeys et al . ). The main adaptation has been the addition of an episiotomy in order to make the vaginal incision, which can be performed simply by retraction of the major and minor labia in women, but this remains a relatively minimally invasive technique compared to other surgical options.…”

“…An initial cadaveric and experimental study demonstrated feasibility of the technique, with no significant complications and short‐medium term results in seven dogs appeared highly promising with six reported to be fully continent at a mean of 11∙3 months postoperatively (7 to 15 months) (Claeys et al . , ) . A more recent update on a cohort of 12 dogs followed for a mean of 74∙4 months revealed a drop in continence rate to only 40% in the long term (Claeys ).…”

Static hydraulic urethral sphincter for treatment of urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence in 11 dogs

“…Surgical options are available where the response to medical management is unsatisfactory, or owners would prefer to avoid long‐term medical management. Surgical management of canine female USMI has been reported clinically using procedures including colposuspension (Holt 1990, Muir and others 1994, Rawlings and others 2001), urethropexy (Massat and others 1993, White 2001), urethral submucosal injections with either collagen (Arnold and others 1996, Barth and others 2005, Byron and others 2011), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (Arnold and others 1989) or extracellular matrix bioscaffold (Wood and others 2005), transobturator vaginal tape, inside out (TVT‐O) (Claeys and others 2010a, 2010b), Dacron ® coated Silastic ® sheet urethral sphincter (Dean and others 1989), and, most recently, a static hydraulic urethral sphincter (SHUS) (Rose and others 2009). The most common complications seen following all of these described surgical managements include persistent incontinence (immediate or delayed), dysuria, urinary obstruction, haematuria and recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) (Arnold and others 1989, 1996, Holt 1990, White 2001, Barth and others 2005, Byron and others 2011).…”

Long‐term outcome of the transobturator vaginal tape inside out for the treatment of urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence in female dogs

“…The TVT‐O tape (Gynecare TVT obturator system; Ethicon, Somerville, New Jersey) was inserted in each dog according to the standard operative protocol described in women and adapted to the dog …”

“…The use of TVT‐O in female dogs was first described in articles published in 2010 . The first study described the reproducible and accurate placement of the tape in female canine cadavers.…”