Transoceanic Phase and Polarization Fiber Sensing using Real-Time Coherent Transceiver

Mazur, Mikael; Ramírez‐Castellanos, Julio; Ryf, Roland; Borjeson, Erik; Tracy, Chodkiewicz,; Kamalov, Valey; Yin, Shuang; Fontaine, Nicolas K.; Chen, Haoshuo; Dallachiesa, Lauren; Corteselli, Steve; Copping, Philip; Gripp, J.; Mortelette, A.; Kowalski, B.; Dellinger, Rodney; Neilson, David T.; Larsson-Edefors, Per

doi:10.1364/ofc.2022.m2f.2

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We observe a range of frequency and amplitude responses to the various stressors, with the highest frequency perturbations occurring when the fiber is bent or moved. This observation is in agreement with the experimental results of [53,49] and the analytical results of [47], indicating that twists and bends in optical fiber are the strongest source of SOP perturbations. Notably, the degree of polarization remains ≈ 1 despite perturbations of the individual Stokes components.…”

Section: Lab Validation Of Terrestrial Sop Sensingsupporting

confidence: 91%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Polarization sensing over terrestrial optical fiber networks

Carver,

Zhou

2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Wide-scale sensing of natural and human-made events is critical for protecting against environmental disasters and reducing the monetary losses associated with telecommunication service downtime. However, achieving dense sensing coverage is difficult given the high deployment overhead of modern sensor networks. In this work, we offer an in-depth exploration of state of polarization (SOP) sensing over fiber-optic networks using unmodified optical transceivers, establishing a strong correlation with ground truth distributed acoustic sensing (DAS). To validate our sensing methodology, we collect 85 days of SOP and DAS measurements along two colocated, 50km fiber-optic cables in Southern California. We then examine how SOP sensing can improve network reliability by accurately modeling overall network health and preemptively detecting loss of traffic. Finally, we explore the feasibility of wide-scale seismic monitoring with SOP sensing, showcasing the SOP perturbations following low-intensity earthquakes, and the potential to more than double seismic monitoring coverage in Southern California alone.

show abstract

Section: Lab Validation Of Terrestrial Sop Sensingsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…This work, however, required dedicated hardware for sensing and only recorded data during a limited 160 s collection period. An extension of this work [49] demonstrated the ability to sense a network-impacting event over live fiber, but again required dedicated hardware and lacked a DAS ground-truth comparison.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization sensing over terrestrial optical fiber networks

Carver,

Zhou

2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…so that the polarization averaged phase is the solution of Eq. (17). A member of the SU(2) group can always be expressed as 9,10…”

Section: Basic Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Below, we outline a procedure demonstrating that in experiments utilizing time-resolved backscattering, such as in distributed acoustic sensing, or in experiments employing highloss loopbacks as in ref. [17][18][19][20], it is possible to extract one of the three components of ∆⃗ ϕ(t) specific to a section located at any position along the link.…”

Section: Localization With Polarizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization sensing using submarine optical cables

Mecozzi

Cantono

Ramírez‐Castellanos

et al. 2021

Optica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Observation of polarization modulation at the output of a submarine link, extracted from a standard coherent telecom receiver, can be used to monitor geophysical events such as sea waves and earthquakes occurring along the cable. We analyze the effect of birefringence perturbations on the polarization at the output of a long-haul submarine transmission system, and provide analytical expressions instrumental to understanding the dependence of the observed polarization modulation on the amplitude and spatial extension of the observed events. By symmetry considerations, we show that in standard single mode fibers with random polarization coupling, if polarization fluctuations are caused by strain or pressure, the relative birefringence fluctuations are equal to the relative fluctuations of the polarization averaged phase. We finally show that pressure induced strain is a plausible explanation of the origin of polarization modulations observed in a long submarine link. The presented analysis paves the way for the transformation of transoceanic fiber optic links during operation into powerful sensing tools for otherwise inaccessible geophysical events occurring in the deep ocean.

show abstract

“…A range of studies for SMF cables has shown that state of polarization can oscillate as fast as 50Hz for aerial cables[43],[44], or remain constant as long as 20min in buried cables[45] with isolated fast changes[46]. However, for MMF cables, characterization data on channel dynamics is still an ongoing research topic.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

On a Scalable Path for Multimode SDM Transmission

Barbosa¹,

Ferreira²

2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

<p>We investigate transceiver design and digital signal processing for spatially multiplexed transmission over multimode fibers. In conventional architectures, the full spatial domain of the transmission fiber has to be detected and processed such that the modal walk-off and mixture can be estimated and equalized. These architectures scale poorly with the number of modes supported, besides the sparsity of the fiber transfer matrix is not fully exploited. Instead, here we aim to employ selective mode vector launch and detection in order to minimize the number of optical front-ends required. In this case, an ideal basis for multiplexing is offered by principal modes, that to first order are frequency independent. We show that such mode vector basis can be used for full baud rate transmission over inter-data center distances despite limited coherence bandwidth and vulnerability to environmental-induced drift of the optical channel. It is shown that crosstalk at the receiver front-end can be significantly suppressed, critically reducing the number of coherent receiver front-ends to that of spatial tributaries aimed for data transmission – as opposed to the total number of fiber modes. Residual crosstalk can still be experienced due to environmental-induced channel drift and loss of orthogonality in presence of mode dependent loss. Multiple-input single-output digital signal processing is shown to be effective in this case, with the required equalizer array size scaling sub-linearly with the number of tributaries. A multimode fiber with 156 spatial and polarization modes and optimized for low modal dispersion is considered.</p>

show abstract

Transoceanic Phase and Polarization Fiber Sensing using Real-Time Coherent Transceiver

Abstract: We implement a real-time coherent transceiver with fast streaming outputs for environmental sensing. Continuous sensing using phase and equalizer outputs over 12800 km of submarine cable enabled time resolved interferometry in broad spectral range of 10 mHz-1 kHz.

Cited by 17 publications

References 3 publications

Polarization sensing over terrestrial optical fiber networks

Polarization sensing over terrestrial optical fiber networks

Polarization sensing using submarine optical cables

On a Scalable Path for Multimode SDM Transmission

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About