Transoceanic Phase and Polarization Fiber Sensing using Real-Time Coherent Transceiver

Mazur, Mikael; Ramírez‐Castellanos, Julio; Ryf, Roland; Borjeson, Erik; Tracy, Chodkiewicz,; Kamalov, Valey; Yin, Shen; Fontaine, Nicolas K.; Chen, Haoshuo; Dallachiesa, Lauren; Corteselli, Steve; Copping, Philip; Gripp, J.; Mortelette, A.; Kowalski, B.; Dellinger, Rodney; Neilson, David T.; Larsson-Edefors, Per

doi:10.48550/arxiv.2109.06820

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“…Even with the use of off-the-shelf and mature 10-20 GHz optoelectronic components, satisfactory sensitivity can be attained at low cost and in real-time which is of high importance for the development of early warning systems. On the contrary, techniques relying on extracting events related to environmental effects by processing the huge amount of data offered by digital coherent receivers 30,50 operating in the multi GSa/sec time scale require unparalleled processing power to offer real-time identification of critical events such as tsunamis, earthquakes, etc. A massive production of high performance MFFI prototypes offering real-time event detection at minimum cost could be achieved, thus paving the way for mid-term installation of MFFI tools in almost every fiber link of interest worldwide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitive seismic sensors based on microwave frequency fiber interferometry in commercially deployed cables

Bogris

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Simos

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The use of fiber infrastructures for environmental sensing is attracting global interest, as optical fibers emerge as low cost and easily accessible platforms exhibiting a large terrestrial deployment. Moreover, optical fiber networks offer the unique advantage of providing observations of submarine areas, where the sparse existence of permanent seismic instrumentation due to cost and difficulties in deployment limits the availability of high-resolution subsea information on natural hazards in both time and space. The use of optical techniques that leverage pre-existing fiber infrastructure can efficiently provide higher resolution coverage and pave the way for the identification of the detailed structure of the Earth especially on seismogenic submarine faults. The prevailing optical technique for use in earthquake detection and structural analysis is distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) which offers high spatial resolution and sensitivity, however is limited in range (< 100 km). In this work, we present a novel technique which relies on the dissemination of a stable microwave frequency along optical fibers in a closed loop configuration, thereby forming an interferometer that is sensitive to deformation. We call the proposed technique Microwave Frequency Fiber Interferometer (MFFI) and demonstrate its sensitivity to deformation induced by moderate-to-large earthquakes from either local or regional epicenters. MFFI signals are compared to signals recorded by accelerometers of the National Observatory of Athens, Institute of Geodynamics National Seismic Network and by a commercially available DAS interrogator operating in parallel at the same location. Remarkable agreement in dynamical behavior and strain rate estimation is achieved and demonstrated. Thus, MFFI emerges as a novel technique in the field of fiber seismometers offering critical advantages with respect to implementation cost, maximum range and simplicity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitive seismic sensors based on microwave frequency fiber interferometry in commercially deployed cables

Bogris

Νίκας

Simos

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Transoceanic Phase and Polarization Fiber Sensing using Real-Time Coherent Transceiver

Abstract: We implement a real-time coherent transceiver with fast streaming outputs for environmental sensing. Continuous sensing using phase and equalizer outputs over 12800 km of a submarine cable is demonstrated to enable time resolved spectroscopy in broad spectral range of 10 mHz -1 kHz.

Cited by 1 publication

References 10 publications

Sensitive seismic sensors based on microwave frequency fiber interferometry in commercially deployed cables

Sensitive seismic sensors based on microwave frequency fiber interferometry in commercially deployed cables

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