This video aimed to describe the role of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) during transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) with emphasis given to IONM technical and technological notes, the identification of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). Standardized technique of IONM consist in identifying and monitoring both the vagus nerve and the RLNs before and after resection (V1, V2, R1, R2). According to this report, IONM during TOETVA is feasible and safe in providing identification and function of laryngeal nerves. IONM enable surgeons to feel more comfortable with their initial approach to TOETVA or extended indications. Larger series are needed for appropriated evaluation of IONM in reduction of the rates for RLN complications. general anesthesia; precedent radiation in the head, neck, or upper mediastinum; antecedent neck surgery; recurrent goiter; a gland volume of >45 mL or main nodule diameter of >50 mm; documentation of lymph node or distant metastases, tracheal/esophageal infiltration, preoperative laryngeal nerve palsy, hyperthyroidism, mediastinal goiter, or oral abscesses. Moreover, patients with poorly-or undifferentiated cancer, dorsal extrathyroidal radius, and/or lateral neck metastasis (N1b) are not favored for TOETVA (1-16).Candidates for TOETVA undergo same preoperative workup will offer a conventional open approach.
Preoperative preparationThe 3 vestibular incisions determine a new communication between the oral cavity and neck and a poor oral heath may contribute the ability of the oral microbiota to invade the body. Good oral and dental hygiene can prevent possible postoperative infective complications. Therefore, it is suggested a preoperative oral/dental assessment by specialist. Patients undergo dental care about 1 month before TOETVA (1-9). This is recommended especially in high risk subjects as diabetic and cardiovascular patients.Moreover, pre-and post-operatively, patients are asked to gargle with Chlorhexidine mouth wash. Amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid is used for preoperative prophylactic antibiotic (1-9). Some authors suggest extending the antibiotic for 5 days postoperatively orally (1-9).
Equipment preference cardMonitored TOETVA is performed according to standards of equipment set up, induction and maintenance anesthesia, correct tube positioning verification tests, EMG definitions described by the INMSG Guidelines (23).Nerve-monitoring formats as laryngeal palpation, glottic observation, glottic pressure monitoring, endoscopically placed intramuscular vocal cord electrodes, intramuscular electrodes placed through the cricothyroid membrane, and postcricoid surface electrodes are difficult to use in any endoscopic thyroid procedure (21,23,24). Thus, for safety, utility, simplicity, systems that rely on endotracheal tube-based surface electrodes were preferred monitoring equipment format for TOETVA.Pre-fashioned with integrated paired left and right stainless steel electrodes embedded within the endotracheal tube surface were used (NIM TriVantage ® E...