Transparency in government communication

Fairbanks, Jenille; Plowman, Kenneth D.; Rawlins, Brad L.

doi:10.1002/pa.245

Cited by 143 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…For a new technology, a higher allowable cost is preferred; this means that a TE system that is less expensive than the allowable cost will pay for itself in fewer than 3 years. Compared with a $300/kW cost requirement for initial market penetration into light-duty automotive applications [15], the high number of vehicle miles traveled of the Class 8 truck tolerates a slightly higher TE system cost of $450 to $750/kW for a 5% efficient system and $330 to $460/kW for a 10% efficient system. With higher diesel fuel prices of $4.00/gal (compared with the $2.71/gal base case), these allowable TE system costs can increase by some 50% and still achieve payback in 3 years.…”

Section: Duty and Driving Cycle Analysis For Class 8 Truckmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of Thermoelectrics for Waste Heat Recovery in Conventional Vehicles

Smith¹,

Thornton²

2009

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Executive SummaryThermoelectric (TE) generators convert heat directly into electricity when a temperature gradient is applied across the junctions of two dissimilar metals. These devices have the potential to increase the fuel economy of conventional vehicles by recapturing a portion of the waste heat from the engine exhaust and generating electricity to power a vehicle's accessory loads.At present, device efficiencies are low (~5%); however, thin-film and quantum well technologies offer the possibility of higher efficiency in the future (~10 % to 15%). Four vehicle platforms are considered: a midsize car, a midsize sport utility vehicle, a Class 4 truck, and a Class 8 truck. A simple vehicle and engine waste heat model shows that the Class 8 truck presents the least challenging requirements for TE system efficiency, mass, and cost. This is because Class 8 trucks have a relatively large amount of exhaust waste heat, have low mass sensitivity, and travel a high number of miles per year, all of which help to maximize fuel savings and economic benefits.A driving and duty cycle analysis for the Class 8 truck elucidates trade-offs in system sizing and shows the strong sensitivity of waste heat, and thus TE system electrical output, to vehicle speed and driving cycle. It is not feasible for a TE system to replace the alternator, as too little waste heat is available during city driving and/or idling.Together with a typical alternator, a TE system could enable the electrification of 8% to 15% of a Class 8 truck's accessories, providing 2% to 3% fuel savings. Additional electrification would require a larger alternator and battery to augment the TE system so that adequate electrical power is available during low-speed driving and idling. Achieving an economic payback in three years dictates that the TE system cost less than roughly $450/kW, requiring an almost tenfold reduction from today's costs. Such a cost reduction might be enabled in the future by thin-film devices that use expensive TE junction materials more efficiently.

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Section: Duty and Driving Cycle Analysis For Class 8 Truckmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of Thermoelectrics for Waste Heat Recovery in Conventional Vehicles

Smith¹,

Thornton²

2009

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“…Empirical studies in the field of public administration that focus explicitly on communication are still relatively scarce (e.g. Fairbanks, Plowman, & Rawlins, 2007;Liu, Horsley, & Blake, 2010;Ruijer, 2013), with some suggesting that proactive forms of communication might act as a counterbalance to negative news exposure (Graber, 2003;Liu et al, 2012). Our experiment contributes to this growing body of literature by showing that by proactively releasing news to the press it may be possible to 'come clean' about competence-based errors without losing on other fundamental dimensions of trustworthiness, such as perceived integrity.…”

Section: Figure 3 Effects Of Natural Prior Exposure To Negative News mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…any scholars in public administration and communication acknowledge the importance of communicating with the public to sustain citizen trust and legitimacy (Fairbanks, Plowman, & Rawlins, 2007;Liu, Horsley, & Blake, 2010;Liu, Horsley, & Yang, 2012;Ruijer, 2013). One core idea behind proactive communication is that it can be used to counterbalance negative media coverage (Graber, 2003;Liu et al, 2012).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Breaking bad news without breaking trust: The effects of a press release and newspaper coverage on perceived trustworthiness

Grimmelikhuijsen

Vries

Zijlstra

2018

JBPA

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Can a government agency mitigate the negative effect of "bad new" on public trust? To answer this question, we carried out a baseline survey to measure public trust five days before a major press release involving bad news about an error committed by an independent regulatory agency in the Netherlands. Two days after the agency's press release, we carried out a survey experiment to test the effects on public trust of the press release itself as well as related newspaper articles. Results show that the press release had no negative effect on trustworthiness, which may be because the press release "steals thunder" (i.e. breaks the bad news before the news media discovered it) and focuses on a "rebuilding strategy" (i.e. offering apologies and focusing on future improvements). In contrast, the news articles mainly focused on what went wrong, which affected the competence dimension of trust but not the other dimensions (benevolence and integrity). We conclude that strategic communication by an agency can break negative news to people without necessarily breaking trust in that agency. And although effects of negative news coverage on trustworthiness were observed, the magnitude of these effects should not be overstated.

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“…There have been studies on corporate crisis communication [6,16,52], government crisis communication during natural disasters, such as the 2005 Hurricane Katrina [24] and the 2008 Sichuan earthquake [13], and factors influencing government transparency in non-crisis situations has been examined [7,9,11,22,35,47]. However, there is little research investigating the potential role of government transparency in crisis communication in influencing national and/or international public opinions during an enfolding aviation disaster.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Goal-Driven Context-Aware Data Filtering in IoT-Based Systems

Narendra

Ponnalagu

Ghose

et al. 2015

2015 IEEE 18th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems

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One of the crucial research issues in an IoT-based system is how to manage the huge amount of data transmitted by the potentially large number of sensors that form the system. Prior research has focused on centralized cloud-based 'Big Data' architectures for collecting, collating and analyzing the data. However, most of these scenarios accumulate thousands of petabytes in a short period of time, increasing the demand for more storage, and also slowing down speed of data analysis. Hence for real-time scenarios, e.g., agricultural crop tracking, traffic management, etc., such an approach would be impractical. Moreover, depending on the context in which the data is generated and is to be used, only a fraction of the data would be needed for analysis. Therefore, the challenges are to determine which data to keep and which to discard for both short term and long term usage, and define the contextual parameters along which this filtering is to be done. Hence one key problem addressed in this paper is how to define what data the user needs so that filtering algorithms can be defined to extract the data needed. To that end, in this paper, we present a goal driven, context-aware data filtering, transforming and integration approach for IoT-based systems. We propose a data warehousebased data model for specifying the data needed at particular levels of granularity and frequency, that drive data storage and representation (aligned with the Semantic Sensor Network ontology). Throughout our paper, we illustrate our ideas via a realistic running example in the smart city domain, with emphasis on traffic management, and also present a proof of concept prototype.

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Transparency in government communication

Cited by 143 publications

References 11 publications

Feasibility of Thermoelectrics for Waste Heat Recovery in Conventional Vehicles

Feasibility of Thermoelectrics for Waste Heat Recovery in Conventional Vehicles

Breaking bad news without breaking trust: The effects of a press release and newspaper coverage on perceived trustworthiness

Goal-Driven Context-Aware Data Filtering in IoT-Based Systems

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