Transparency in Keyword Faceted Search: An Investigation on Google Shopping

Cozza, Vittoria; Hoang, Van Tien; Petrocchi, Marinella; Nicola, Rocco De

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-11226-4_3

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Google search engine algorithms display search results according to relevance ranking by numerical order: the first ranked results and pages will be the most relevant, with a decline in relevance of search results in subsequent pages. Despite the searches returning a large number of total results, only very small, negligible percentages of relevance are expected in later pages, particularly after 200 results 28 29. Therefore, we reviewed the first 20 pages (10 results per page, totalling 200 results) from each search.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the searches returning a large number of total results, only very small, negligible percentages of relevance are expected in later pages, particularly after 200 results. 28 29 Therefore, we reviewed the first 20 pages (10 results per page, totalling 200 results) from each search. While it can never be guaranteed that this cut-off point will not miss relevant results, it is the most practically and logistically viable approach to conduct the review with a standardised cut-off point for each search scan.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct-to-consumer tests advertised online in Australia and their implications for medical overuse: systematic online review and a typology of clinical utility

Shih,

Ding,

Carter

et al. 2023

BMJ Open

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ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to map the range and variety of direct-to-consumer (DTC) tests advertised online in Australia and analyse their potential clinical utility and implications for medical overuse.DesignSystematic online search of DTC test products in Google and Google Shopping. DTC test advertisements data were collected and analysed to develop a typology of potential clinical utility of the tests at population level, assessing their potential benefits and harms using available evidence, informed by concepts of medical overuse.ResultsWe identified 484 DTC tests (103 unique products), ranging from $A12.99 to $A1947 in cost (mean $A197.83; median $A148.50). Using our typology, we assigned the tests into one of four categories: tests with potential clinical utility (10.7%); tests with limited clinical utility (30.6%); non-evidence-based commercial ‘health checks’ (41.9%); and tests whose methods and/or target conditions are not recognised by the general medical community (16.7%). Of the products identified, 56% did not state that they offered pretest or post-test consultation, and 51% did not report analytical performance of the test or laboratory accreditation.ConclusionsThis first-in-Australia study shows most DTC tests sold online have low potential clinical utility, with healthy consumers constituting the main target market. Harms may be caused by overdiagnosis, high rates of false positives and treatment decisions led by non-evidence-based tests, as well as financial costs of unnecessary and inappropriate testing. Regulatory mechanisms should demand a higher standard of evidence of clinical utility and efficacy for DTC tests. Better transparency and reporting of health outcomes, and the development of decision-support resources for consumers are needed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct-to-consumer tests advertised online in Australia and their implications for medical overuse: systematic online review and a typology of clinical utility

Shih,

Ding,

Carter

et al. 2023

BMJ Open

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“…Ferilli [13] described the work performed to extend the BLA-BLA tool for learning linguistic resources by adding a Grammar Induction feature based on the advanced process mining and management system WoMan. Petrocchi [9] presented a study performed on Google Shopping to showcase how large search engines apply query steering depending on the user's profile.…”

Section: Open Science Publishing and Scientific Workflowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Libraries

et al. 2020

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The Italian Research Conference on Digital Libraries (IRCDL) is the annual Italian forum to discuss research topics on Digital Libraries and related technical, practical, and social issues. Along the years, IRCDL touched several aspects underlying the ?Digital Library" domain and promptly adapted to the evolution of the field. Today, the ?Digital Library" field includes theory and practices reflecting the evolution of the role of libraries in the scholarly communication domain, and also embracing scholarly communication and open science. The theme of IRCDL 2019 was ?Digital Libraries: Supporting Open Science". Three main reasons motivated this theme: (i) science is increasingly becoming digital, meaning that research is performed using data services and digital tools; (ii) the results of the research are no longer just traditional scientific publications; (iii) the outcomes of science are increasingly encompassing datasets, software, and experiments. As digital artifacts, such products can be shared and re-used together with the article, thus enabling comprehensive research assessment and various degrees of reproducibility of science. Positive consequences of this shift towards Open Science are: accelerating science, optimizing the cost of research, fraud detection, and fullyfledged scientific reward. Digital Libraries are central in the evolution of research outputs by targeting findability, preservation, interlinking, and re-use of research products and by integrating the components of the scholarly communication process. The conference has been organized in Pisa, and the proceedings are published in the Springer CCIS series Vol. 988 [22]. Pre-print versions, research datasets, and research software relative to the accepted contributions are accessible via Zenodo.org.

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Digital Libraries: Supporting Open Science

2019

Communications in Computer and Information Science

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Transparency in Keyword Faceted Search: An Investigation on Google Shopping

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Direct-to-consumer tests advertised online in Australia and their implications for medical overuse: systematic online review and a typology of clinical utility

Direct-to-consumer tests advertised online in Australia and their implications for medical overuse: systematic online review and a typology of clinical utility

Digital Libraries

Digital Libraries: Supporting Open Science

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