“…As e-government has matured, many have deliberated on the potential for increased government responsiveness as a result of new web-based communication tools (Musso et al, 2000, Layne andLee, 2001;Moon, 2002;Reddick, 2004aReddick, , 2004bSeifert and Chung, 2009;Tolbert and Mossberger, 2006;Welch and Fulla, 2005;Welch et al, 2004;West, 2004;Yildiz, 2007). Just as phone calls once opened new avenues for interactions between citizens and their government, the Internet, email, and social media have further reduced communication barriers between citizens and public officials, at least for those willing to engage (Panagiotopoulos et al, 2013;Unsworth and Townes, 2012). Yet municipalities have not universally adopted e-government services, nor used them in consistent ways.…”