Transparent electrode materials for solar cells

Meiss, Jan; Uhrich, Christian; Fehse, Karsten; Pfuetzner, Steffen; Riede, Moritz; Leo, Karl

doi:10.1117/12.781275

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Early materials like OSCs based on small molecules were produced on both rigid glass and soft plastic substrates using transparent PEDOT:PSS electrodes, whose conductivity was optimized via the combined influence of solvent pre-and post-treatment, along with the thermal post-annealing of the electrode films. The devices with the optimized polymer electrodes exhibited power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) as high as those reported for ITO-based cells [32,80]. By 2017, the PCE values had been optimized up to 3.74% for the OSCs built on highly flexible substrates with PEDOT:PSS anodes, whose conductivity was optimized through the morphology or conformational modifications of the polymer using effectively combined treatment and deposition methods.…”

Section: Pedot:pss-based Thin-film Electrodes For Opvsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Optoelectronic devices, including OLEDs, OPVs, and liquid-crystal displays (LCDs), require thin films of conducting materials for use as transparent electrodes to emit or absorb light at least from one side. These materials should have higher than 80% optical transmittance in the visible-light region for efficient light emission or absorption, as well as electrical conductivities greater than or equal to 10 3 S cm −1 to provide the necessary charge carrier conduction for low operational voltages [26,28,31,33,38,[78][79][80]. A conventional electrode material that combines the above-mentioned two essential parameters is the widely applied ITO with higher than 90% transmittance and conductivity values reaching 10 5 S cm −1 [33,66].…”

Section: Pedot:pss-based Polymer Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rising advancements in the application of PEDOT:PSS as a prosperous transparent and flexible electrode material for solution-processed organic electronics

Huseynova

Kim

Lee

et al. 2019

Journal of Information Display

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An organic conductive polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS), is an attractive candidate for a low-cost, low-temperature, and solution-processed electrode material for achieving high-performance flexible and stretchable thin-film devices. Unlike most organic materials, this water-soluble conjugated polymer is highly stable against chemical and physical exposure. It exhibits the most superior mechanical flexibility and the highest optical transparency and electrical conductivity among all organic conductors. Therefore, this conductive polymer is among the most promising alternatives to the expensive, rigid, and brittle metal oxide-and even metal-based electrode materials, such as indium tin oxide (ITO) and gold, in the future solutionprocessed electronic devices. Nevertheless, the intrinsic conductivity of PEDOT:PSS is typically below 1 S cm −1 , which is too low for such devices. Fortunately, the material properties of PEDOT:PSS, including its conductivity, are easily tuned by employing a large number of simple approaches. In this paper, the reports on the successful application of PEDOT:PSS to a wide range of solution-processed organic devices, such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs), and organic photovoltaics (OPVs), are reviewed. The recent progress in the development of highly conductive PEDOT:PSS-based films for electrode applications in the field of organic electronics is the main focus of the discussion herein.

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Section: Pedot:pss-based Thin-film Electrodes For Opvsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Pedot:pss-based Polymer Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rising advancements in the application of PEDOT:PSS as a prosperous transparent and flexible electrode material for solution-processed organic electronics

Huseynova

Kim

Lee

et al. 2019

Journal of Information Display

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“…This demand led to a substantial price-increase of the current state-of-the-art material, indium-doped tinoxide (ITO) [4]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase in electron scattering length in PEDOT:PSS by a triflic acid post-processing

et al. 2017

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A stringent limitation in many optoelectronic devices, such as solar cells and light emitting diodes, is the intrinsic need for a transparent electrode. Uniting relevant aspects, indium tin oxide (ITO) is often the material of choice, however, alternatives are sought and being in particular found in conductive polymers. In this work, we present a novel doping strategy to arrive at highly conducting polymeric material based on poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT). Based on commercial high conductivity PEDOT:PSS (Clevios PH 1000), and a post processing with aqueous triflic acid delivers a material that is both transparent and of low resistivity (5.23 × 10−4 Ω cm). Furthermore, this material retains its conductive character over a large temperature range, indicating metallic behaviour. This is further supported by positive magnetoconductance effects at low temperatures (1.8–10 K) and extended mean free paths of the conduction electrons are observed—evidencing for a metallic state in this polymer.Graphical abstract Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00706-017-1973-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…4 An issue recognized by the OSC community is the scarcity of indium, resulting in increasing prices of tin-doped indium oxide ͑ITO͒, the standard transparent conductive substrate coating for OSC. Since ITO is furthermore brittle and less suitable for flexible devices, an increasing effort is made to find alternative transparent conductive materials, e.g., conductive polymers, 5,6 metals, 7,8 aluminum-doped zinc oxide, 9 solution-processed graphene, 10 Ag wires, 11 or carbon nanotubes. [12][13][14] Ultimately, for successful competition in commercial applications, the use of tandem solar cells is advantageous in order to harvest a broad part of the solar spectrum efficiently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective absorption enhancement in organic solar cells using light incoupling layers

Meiss

Furno

Pfuetzner

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Physics

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We show that capping layers of tris-͑8-hydroxy-quinolinato͒-aluminum Alq 3 enable increased absorption and photocurrent in organic solar cells ͑OSCs͒ when using transparent metal films as top electrodes. Furthermore, by varying the capping layer thickness, the optical field in the OSC is tuned for selective wavelengths, opening a possibility of influencing the external quantum efficiency for specific absorber materials. It is described how a second maximum of the optical field intensity can be utilized, which is a concept significant for tandem solar cells. Indium tin oxide ͑ITO͒-free OSCs are presented which show the influence of capping layer on efficiency, saturation, fill factor, and open-circuit voltage, with numerical calculations supporting the experimental evidence of layer-selective enhancement.

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Transparent electrode materials for solar cells

Cited by 20 publications

References 22 publications

Rising advancements in the application of PEDOT:PSS as a prosperous transparent and flexible electrode material for solution-processed organic electronics

Rising advancements in the application of PEDOT:PSS as a prosperous transparent and flexible electrode material for solution-processed organic electronics

Increase in electron scattering length in PEDOT:PSS by a triflic acid post-processing

Selective absorption enhancement in organic solar cells using light incoupling layers

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