Transparent Electrodes Consisting of a Surface‐Treated Buffer Layer Based on Tungsten Oxide for Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells and Four‐Terminal Tandem Applications

Park, Helen Hejin; Kim, Jin-Cheol; Kim, Geunjin; Jung, Hyunmin; Kim, Songhee; Moon, Chan Su; Lee, Seonjoo; Shin, Seong Sik; Hao, Xiaojing; Yun, Jae Sung; Green, Martin A.; Ho‐Baillie, Anita; Jeon, Nam Joong; Yang, Tae‐Youl; Seo, Jangwon

doi:10.1002/smtd.202000074

Cited by 45 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The obtained 24.42% PCE is one of the high values reported among 4T–PSiSCs (Figure S16 and Table S8, Supporting Information). [ 68–86 ] The analysis in Figure S16, Supporting Information, shows that the CNT‐based top subcells reported in this article stand the highest, whereas the inadequate semitransparency of the top cells and the PCE of SiSC bottom cells limit the overall PCEs. This alludes that the incorporation of CNT electrodes into 4T–PSiSCs is the right way to achieve high photovoltaic performance in 4T–PSiSCs given that the parasitic optical loss in the CNT‐based PSCs can be reduced.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 84%

Carbon Nanotube Electrode‐Based Perovskite–Silicon Tandem Solar Cells

Lee

Bae

et al. 2020

Solar RRL

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Carbon nanotube electrode–laminated perovskite solar cells in combination with n‐type tunnel oxide–passivated contact silicon solar cells demonstrate a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.42% when stacked in tandem. This is compared with conventional indium tin oxide/MoOx‐deposited perovskite solar cells which give an efficiency of 22.35% when stacked in the same four‐terminal tandem system. Despite higher transmittance of the carbon nanotube electrode than that of the indium tin oxide/MoOx in the infrared range, the carbon nanotube electrode‐laminated devices show lower transmittance in the same region due to the total internal reflection and scattering as evidenced by optical simulation. Yet, the exceptionally high PCE of the carbon nanotube electrode‐laminated semitransparent devices far exceeding than that of the indium tin oxide/MoOx‐deposited semitransparent top cell outweighs the effect of the optical transparency. Four types of silicon solar cells are compared as the bottom subcells, and the n‐type tunnel oxide‐passivated contact silicon solar cells are the best choice mainly due to their high absorption in the long‐wavelength region. The obtained 24.42% efficiency is one of the high PCEs among the reported four‐terminal perovskite–silicon solar cells, and this article is the first demonstration of the carbon nanotube electrode application in tandem solar cells.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 84%

Carbon Nanotube Electrode‐Based Perovskite–Silicon Tandem Solar Cells

Lee

Bae

et al. 2020

Solar RRL

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“…Commonly used sputter buffer layers in p - i - n structured perovskite top cells in tandem applications are SnO 2 [ 66 ] or SnO 2 followed by zinc tin oxide (ZTO) [ 59 ] by ALD to further improve the band alignment at the buffer/TCO interface ( Figure 7 a), resulting in stable semitransparent PSC under 1-SUN illumination ( Figure 7 b). Thermally evaporated molybdenum oxide (MoO x ) has been the standard buffer layer in semitransparent n - i - p PSCs, however, it suffers from poor air stability [ 76 ]. ALD copper oxide (CuO x ) and vanadium oxide (VO x ) have also been reported as buffer layers in semitransparent PSCs [ 72 , 73 ].…”

Section: Ald Above the Perovskite Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic Materials by Atomic Layer Deposition for Perovskite Solar Cells

Park

2021

Nanomaterials

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Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have received much attention with their rapid progress during the past decade, coming close to the point of commercialization. Various approaches in the process of PSC development have been explored with the motivation to enhance the solar cell power conversion efficiency—while maintaining good device stability from light, temperature, and moisture—and simultaneously optimizing for scalability. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a powerful tool in depositing pinhole-free conformal thin-films with excellent reproducibility and accurate and simple control of thickness and material properties over a large area at low temperatures, making it a highly desirable tool to fabricate components of highly efficient, stable, and scalable PSCs. This review article summarizes ALD’s recent contributions to PSC development through charge transport layers, passivation layers, and buffer and recombination layers for tandem applications and encapsulation techniques. The future research directions of ALD in PSC progress and the remaining challenges will also be discussed.

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“…But fine nanometer-level control over the thickness of NbO y was found to be essential to avoid decreasing the transmittance, and also to avoid thermally-induced degradation of the organic hole transport layer during the deposition of the oxide by evaporation, in which temperatures could reach 80 °C. 31 Owing to the limitations of high work function n-type oxides, developing p-type oxide buffer layers is critical. Viable materials can be found by looking to the p-type oxides used as hole transport layers beneath the perovskite in p-i-n structured devices.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Vapor-Phase Deposition of High-Mobility p-Type Buffer Layers on Perovskite Photovoltaics for Efficient Semitransparent Devices

et al. 2020

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with transparent electrodes can be integrated with existing solar panels in tandem configurations to increase the power conversion efficiency. A critical layer in semi-transparent PSCs is the inorganic buffer layer, which protects the PSC against damage when the transparent electrode is sputtered on top. The development of n-i-p structured semi-transparent PSCs has been hampered by the lack of suitable p-type buffer layers. In this work we develop a ptype CuO x buffer layer, which can be grown uniformly over the perovskite device without damaging the perovskite or organic hole transport layers. The CuO x layer has high hole mobility (4.3 ± 2 cm 2 V -1 s -1 ), high transmittance (>95%), and a suitable ionization potential for hole extraction (5.3 ± 0.2 eV). Semi-transparent PSCs with efficiencies up to 16.7% are achieved using the CuO x buffer layer. Our work demonstrates a new approach to integrate n-i-p structured PSCs into tandem configurations, as well as enable the development of other devices that need high quality, protective p-type layers.

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Transparent Electrodes Consisting of a Surface‐Treated Buffer Layer Based on Tungsten Oxide for Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells and Four‐Terminal Tandem Applications

Cited by 45 publications

References 51 publications

Carbon Nanotube Electrode‐Based Perovskite–Silicon Tandem Solar Cells

Carbon Nanotube Electrode‐Based Perovskite–Silicon Tandem Solar Cells

Inorganic Materials by Atomic Layer Deposition for Perovskite Solar Cells

Rapid Vapor-Phase Deposition of High-Mobility p-Type Buffer Layers on Perovskite Photovoltaics for Efficient Semitransparent Devices

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