Transparent Organic Upconversion Devices for Near‐Infrared Sensing

Liu, Shun Wei; Lee, Chih Chien; Yuan, Chih Hsien; Su, Wei; Lin, Shih-Wei; Chang, Wen Chang; Huang, Bo Yao; Lin, Chun Feng; Lee, Ya Ze; Su, Tsung Hao; Chen, Kuan Ting

doi:10.1002/adma.201404355

Cited by 71 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…1f). These steps were similar to those of the previous study with anodic-controlled upconverters32. Both exhibit the same behavior to perform the upconversion; devices absorb low-energy photons and generate carriers that recombine to emit high-energy photons.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The image quality was investigated by considering the resolution of the image. The calculated method was reported in a previous paper32, where the 12.5 line pairs lie within 0.51 mm, implying a maximum image resolution of 600 dpi. The high dpi suggests that the thin LiF/Al layer inserted into the upconverter does not cause lateral current spreading.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…More recently, we reported the transparent organic upconverter integrating with a bulk heterostructure sensitizer of chloroaluminum phthalocyanine (ClAlPc):C 70 and phosphorescent OLED for real three-dimensional (3D) object sensing that can convert NIR light into a green emission in a dark environment and under NIR illumination32. In addition, the conversion efficiency exceeded 6% at 7 V and the image resolution achieved 400 dots per inch (dpi).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cathodic-controlled and near-infrared organic upconverter for local blood vessels mapping

Yuan

Lee

Liu

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Organic materials are used in novel optoelectronic devices because of the ease and high compatibility of their fabrication processes. Here, we demonstrate a low-driving-voltage cathodic-controlled organic upconverter with a mapping application that converts near-infrared images to produce images of visible blood vessels. The proposed upconverter has a multilayer structure consisting of a photosensitive charge-generation layer (CGL) and a phosphorescent organic light-emitting diode (OLED) for producing clear images with a high resolution of 600 dots per inch. In this study, temperature-dependent electrical characterization was performed to analyze the interfacial modification of the cathodic-controlled upconverter. The result shows that the upconverter demonstrated a high conversion efficiency of 3.46% because of reduction in the injection barrier height at the interface between the CGL and the OLED.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cathodic-controlled and near-infrared organic upconverter for local blood vessels mapping

Yuan

Lee

Liu

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…Polymer photodiodes can meet the demands of low cost, simple structures, solution fabrication, tunability of structures and properties, light weight, abundant material selectivity, mechanical flexibility, and room temperature operation, which are usually difficult for inorganic semiconductor photodiodes to match . Moreover, polymer photodiodes can be used for large‐area detection and can be adopted in an upconversion device for near‐infrared (NIR) or UV–vis–NIR sensing . Therefore, polymer photodiodes with broad spectral response are much needed, yet challenging, for NIR and UV–vis–NIR full‐spectrum imaging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐Bandgap Polymers for High‐Performance Photodiodes with Maximal EQE near 1200 nm and Broad Spectral Response from 300 to 1700 nm

Han

Yang

et al. 2018

Advanced Optical Materials

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Polymer photodiodes with broad spectral response above 1500 nm can be used for imaging in the near‐infrared window of the atmosphere. Three low‐bandgap polymers based on 3,6‐dithiophen‐2‐yl‐2,5‐dihydropyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4‐dione (DPP), [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐g]quinoxaline (TQ), benzobisthiadiazole (BBT), and dithienopyrrole (DTP) are designed and synthesized. No‐gain and gain polymer photodiodes with polymers:PC71BM as active layer materials and with aluminum doped ZnO nanoparticles:2,9‐bis(3‐(dimethylamino)propyl)anthra[2,1,9‐def:6,5,10‐d′e′f′]diisoquinoline‐1,3,8,10(2H,9H)‐tetraone (AZO:PDIN), MoO3, and 2,9‐dimethyl‐4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline (BCP) as interlayer materials are prepared. No‐gain photodiodes based on polymer P1 exhibit the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 7.8% at 1200 nm, which is among the best values of polymer photodiodes known to date. Gain photodiodes based on P1 and P3 also exhibit a maximal EQE near 1200 nm. In addition, gain photodiodes based on P1 have a specific detectivity over 1013 Jones in 300–1360 nm and spectral response in the region of 300–1700 nm.

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“…However, this imaging technique often involves the use of the toxic elements in the tissues or organs . The NIR to visible light upconversion can also be realized using upconversion devices to convert the incoming NIR photons to those of the visible light . These upconversion devices usually consist of an NIR charge generation layer (CGL), serving as a charge injection layer, and an integrated light‐emitting diode (LED) unit that emits the visible light .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NIR to Visible Light Upconversion Devices Comprising an NIR Charge Generation Layer and a Perovskite Emitter

Lau

Xiao

et al. 2018

Advanced Optical Materials

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Near‐infrared (NIR) to visible light upconversion is of significant importance in many applications, including thermal imaging, bioimaging, night vision, and wellness monitoring. Here, the effort to develop a high‐performing NIR to saturated green light upconversion device comprising a front solution‐processable organic bulk heterojunction NIR charge generation layer (CGL) and an upper CsPbBr3 perovskite light‐emitting diode (LED) unit is reported. The NIR CGL, based on a blend of the NIR‐sensitive donor polymer and a nonfullerene acceptor, enables an efficient hole injection in the CsPbBr3 LED in the presence of the NIR light and also serves as an optical outcoupling layer to enhance the visible light emission by the CsPbBr3 LED. The CsPbBr3‐based perovskite LED has a narrow emission spectrum with a peak wavelength of 520 nm, corresponding to the wavelengths near the peak response of the human eye, and has the advantage in imaging applications. Based on the upconversion process, a pixel‐less NIR to visible light imaging device is demonstrated, which can be operated at a low voltage of 3 V. The results are very encouraging, revealing a high‐performing solution‐processable upconversion device for application in NIR light imaging.

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Transparent Organic Upconversion Devices for Near‐Infrared Sensing

Cited by 71 publications

References 49 publications

Cathodic-controlled and near-infrared organic upconverter for local blood vessels mapping

Cathodic-controlled and near-infrared organic upconverter for local blood vessels mapping

Low‐Bandgap Polymers for High‐Performance Photodiodes with Maximal EQE near 1200 nm and Broad Spectral Response from 300 to 1700 nm

NIR to Visible Light Upconversion Devices Comprising an NIR Charge Generation Layer and a Perovskite Emitter

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