Transparent silica gel–PMMA composites

Pope, Edward J. A.; Asami, M.; Mackenzie, John D.

doi:10.1557/jmr.1989.1018

Cited by 217 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…5 mm) was filled with L. Zimmermann ef a/.. 1 High refractive index films of polymer nanocomposites epon-araldite, 16 turned upside down upon the nanocomposite film (on glass), and cured at 60 °C for 24 h. After cooling to room temperature, the sample was plunged into liquid nitrogen whereupon the polymer components detached from the support. The material was cut in pieces of ca.…”

Section: F Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

High refractive index films of polymer nanocomposites

Zimmennann¹,

Weibel²,

Caseri³

et al. 1993

J. Mater. Res.

106

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Solutions of PbS particles and gelatin were used for the preparation of nanocomposites by a spin-coating process. This allows for the preparation of nanocomposite films with controlled thickness, e.g., between 40 nm and 2 /mm for a film containing 45 wt. % PbS. Surface roughness and film thickness were investigated by surface profilometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The refractive index at 632.8 nm can be expressed by a linear function of the volume fraction of PbS in the range of 0 to 55 vol. % PbS. In this range, the refractive index increases from 1.5 to 2.5 with increasing PbS ratio and belongs, therefore, to the highest refractive indices known for polymeric composite materials.

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Section: F Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

High refractive index films of polymer nanocomposites

Zimmennann¹,

Weibel²,

Caseri³

et al. 1993

J. Mater. Res.

106

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“…Finally, hybrid materials can be formed by the polymerization of a reactive organie monomer (e.g. methyl methacrylate) in an inorganic xerogel [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerogels derived from multifunctional organic monomers

Pekala

Alviso

Kong

et al. 1992

Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

427

202

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DISCI_I_IER ABSTRACTTraditional inorganic aerogels are made via the hydrolysis and condensation of metal alkoxides. Recently, we reported the synthesis of organic aerogels based upon the aqueous polycondensation of (1) resorcinol with formaldehyde and (2) melamine with formaldehyde. The former materials can also be p_'olyzed in an inert atmosphere to form vitreous carbon aerogels. In bol_hthe inorganic and organic systems, the structure and properties of the dried aerogel are dictated by polymerization conditions. Factors such as pH, reactant ratio, and temperature influence the crosslinking chemistry and growth processes taking piace prior to gelation. The ability to tailor the structure and properties of aerogels at the nanometer scale opens up exciting possibilities for these novel materials.This paper addresses the chemistry-structure-property relationships of organic aerogels.

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“…Depending upon the precursor molecule and molar ratio (R), the sol is transformed to gel at room temperature, and after systematic heat-treatment procedures, various types of glasses and composite materials are designed and fabricated 16 . Sol-gelderived fabrication of fibre, using either hand or spinning apparatus, has been demonstrated by several research groups.…”

Section: Sol-gel Glasses Optical Fibres and Nanocomposite Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These materials are organic-inorganic hybrid materials, which combine the properties of an inorganic glass and an organic polymer. This can be a novel way to prepare high optical quality nanocomposite materials with desirable properties 16 . …”

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confidence: 99%

Sol-gel Technology for Sensor Applications

Chaudhury

Gupta

Gulia

2007

DSJ

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Sol-gel processes refer to the transition of predefined compositions of inorganic alkoxides precursors from liquid sol phase to solid gel phase. The phenomenon of sol-gel was known to mankind for more than 150 years. It is because of concerted efforts of researchers from multidisciplinary fields, sol-gel science transformed to technology. Several products are already commercially available for applications in optical coatings, nanocomposites, and public healthcare. Potential applications in the areas of biosensors and environmental monitoring are expected. Newer applications with nanotechnology appear too exciting. An attempt has been made to address important applications of sol-gel technology, particularly in sensing techniques from the defence perspective.Keywords: Sol-gel technology, nanomaterials, healthcare, sensors, defence applications Revised 19 November 2006 . INTRODUCTIONThe term sol-gel was first coined in the late 1800s. It generally refers to a low-temperature method using inorganic precursors that can produce ceramics and glasses with better purity and homogeneity than through high temperature conventional processes 1 . Two most attractive features of the sol-gel process are that it can produce compositions that cannot be created with conventional methods, and that the mixing level of the solution is retained in the final product, often up to the molecular scale.Sol-gel method has been successfully used to manufacture a variety of products, viz., bulk glasses 2 , optical fibers 3 , special coatings, ultra-pure powders, and multifunctional materials. Figure 1 shows different types of materials made from sol-gels. Sol-gelprocessed transparent porous matrix offers the possibility of doping various organic and inorganic molecules [5][6][7][8] . Sol-gel process has been used to Defence Science Journal, Vol. 57, No. 3, May 2007, pp. 241-253 © 2007 241 REVIEW PAPERfabricate materials which can be used as new laser materials, nanocomposites, biomimetic systems, and so on. Because of potential in fabrication of a wide variety of new materials, understanding of sol-gel processes has become the centre of interdisciplinery research, viz., physics, chemistry, biology, biotechnology, biochemistry, electronics, and related engineering branches. Sol-gel materials have a wide range of applications, from environmental monitoring, biosensors for healthcare, to nanotechnology for sensing clinically-important analytes. . BASICS OF SOL-GEL PROCESSThe sol-gel process is a versatile technique which involves the transition of a predefined composition from liquid sol (mostly colloidal) phase into a solid gel phase 9 . Sol-gel processing involves the hydrolysis of a metal alkoxide followed by condensation and polymerisation reactions, leading to the sol-gel state.242 DEF SCI J, VOL. 57, NO. 3, MAY 2007 These general reactions are shown below:Metal alkoxides are most popular because these react readily with water. The most widely used metal alkoxides are the alkoxysilanes, such as tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) a...

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Transparent silica gel–PMMA composites

Cited by 217 publications

References 4 publications

High refractive index films of polymer nanocomposites

High refractive index films of polymer nanocomposites

Aerogels derived from multifunctional organic monomers

Sol-gel Technology for Sensor Applications

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