Transparent titanium dioxide nanotubes: Processing, characterization, and application in establishing cellular response mechanisms

Abstract

Titanium dioxide (TiO) nanotubes are known to strongly enhance bone/mesenchymal stem cell behavior and, consequently, have gained attention as potential osteogenic surface treatments for titanium-bone implants. The exact mechanism by which TiO nanotubes influence cellular function remains controversial, partly due to limitations in existing cellular imaging methods with opaque substrates. This work identifies fabrication conditions for the successful production of transparent TiO nanotube arrays with tailorable diameters, as well as their functionality with pre-osteoblast mouse cells (MC3T3-E1) transfected with fluorescent focal adhesion protein vinculin and cytoskeletal filament actin. We demonstrate a means of recording live-cell, cell-substrate interaction mechanisms via high-resolution fluorescent microscopy and customizable, transparent TiO nanotubes to begin defining the relationship between TiO nanotube features and cell function.

Microscopic in‐situ analysis of the mucosal healing around implants treated by protease activated receptor 4‐agonist peptide or perpendicularly protruded type I collagen in rats

“…In the past, there was a canine model experiment which observed the morphology of connective tissue around the porcine type I collagen-coated titanium surface, but the outcome of this previous study demonstrated a similar appearance when compared to the finding around the turned titanium surface. 40 The reason why the outcome of the present research differed from that of the forementioned study possibly lies in the fact that the type I collagen covering the pCol-group implant was not just coated but had an EPF-induced perpendicular orientation, 17,22,23 which seemed to potentially play a role in priming the collagen fibers in a more perpendicularly arranged manner.…”

“…The surface was created through an electrochemical anodization process using a titanium piece (anode) and a copper piece (cathode). 17,22,23 This way, the negatively charged C-terminus of collagen fibers could be attached perpendicularly to the positively charged TNT surface. These collagen fibers, aligned in an ideal manner, not only demonstrated strong binding resistance against sonification forces, but also inhibited formation of epithelial sheets, suggesting the potential for preventing epithelial downgrowth between the collagen fibers and the titanium surface.…”

<p>Improved Immunoregulation of Ultra-Low-Dose Silver Nanoparticle-Loaded TiO₂ Nanotubes via M2 Macrophage Polarization by Regulating GLUT1 and Autophagy</p>

“…Owing to the outstanding mechanical property, chemical stability and biocompatibility, titanium (Ti) alloy implants have been widely used for orthopedic and dentistry surgeries to restore damaged tissue and structure during the past decades. 1 However, many undesirable complications occurred after surgery, especially poor osteointegration and bacterial infection. 2 To further avoid adverse events and optimize the performance of implants, nano-surface modification may be a promising strategy and become one of the recent research hotspots.…”

The Impact of Side-Selective Laser Tailoring of Titania Nanotubes on Changes in Photoelectrocatalytic Activity

“…It should be underlined that tubular structures grow directly out of the Ti substrate and no further immobilization process is required for application, e.g., in electrochemical water splitting. Moreover, the method can be applied to titanium of different shapes, from flat plates and wire [ 25 ] to screws and semitransparent substrates (e.g., indium tin oxide) coated with a layer of Ti [ 26 ]. The ability to form an ordered nanostructure over large areas [ 27 ] is also beneficial for further commercialization.…”