Transparent Tube Studies of Burning to Detonation Transition in Granular Explosives 1: Preliminary Framing Camera Studies

Sandusky, H. W.; Bernecker, Richard R.

doi:10.21236/ada094423

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In a comprehensive review, Bernecker 40 pointed out that porous specimens of explosives and propellants are susceptible to a hazardous behaviour known as the deflagration to detonation transition (DDT), whereby the burning of a confined granular explosive or propellant eventually results in a shock wave that drives the material to detonation. Flash radiography studies [41][42][43][44] of granular beds of energetic materials confined in an optical tube revealed that substantial compaction occurs during the DDT process. Compaction can result from: (i) firing of the igniter (ii) propagation of a convective ignition front (iii) chemical reaction during propagation of compressive waves.…”

Section: Drop Weight Impact Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials science and technology aspects of energetic (explosive) materials

Armstrong¹,

Elban²

2006

Materials Science and Technology

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Crystallographic, phase diagram, X-ray diffraction and mechanical property aspects of energetic materials are described in relation, first, to the properties of individual crystals as employed in composite explosive material formulations and then, second, to initiation of chemical decomposition by imposed mechanical forces and deformations. The mechanically induced decomposition properties are tied to the special character of dislocations in the molecularly bonded energetic crystal structures formed by individual covalently bonded molecules. Microindentation fracture mechanics, hardness stress-strain and drop weight impact measurements on energetic crystals are assessed. Of particular interest are the material granular compaction properties associated with a mechanically induced deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) behaviour. Shock induced initiations of detonation involve experimental and theoretical model considerations at nanometric dimensions. The total results point to improved mechanical insensitivities and higher energy release rates at smaller particle dimensions.

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Section: Drop Weight Impact Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials science and technology aspects of energetic (explosive) materials

Armstrong¹,

Elban²

2006

Materials Science and Technology

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“…If the material is less reactive (e.g., a waxed RDX composition), then only the compressive burning stage (stage 4 in Table 2) can be reached by the time of tube rupture; this was the case for 97/3 and 94/6 RDX/wax confined in Lexan tubes. 51 For Mode II materials (tetryl and the XLDB propellant), the pressurization in the ignition region is much lower and the deformation of the plastic tube is reduced and less localized. The gas pressure, which results from some CC and some burning along the lateral surfaces of the radially compacted charge (at least in the case of the propellant), produces compressive wavelets that initiate compressive burning.…”

Section: Ddt Mechanism(s) In Porous Propellant Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The deflagration-to-detonation transition process for high-energy propellants - A review

Bernecker

1986

AIAA Journal

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“…The apparatus is nearly identical to that described in detail 2 for transparent tube DDT studies. A schematic of an instrumented apparatus is shown in Figure la.…”

Section: Experimental Arrangement and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 The ignitor mix (-O.8g of B/KN0 3 ) is contained in a solid cup that faces the porous bed. Two optical fibers, each terminated by photocells, pass through the end plate and the side of the ignitor cup so that they view the end of the porous bed (see Figure 1 of Reference 2 for details).…”

Section: Experimental Arrangement and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%