Transparent vs Translucent Multi-Band Optical Networking: Capacity and Energy Analyses

Abstract

Multi-band optical fiber transmission is generally proposed for capacity upgrades in optical transport networks. To comprehensively assess the potential of multi-band transmission, key metrics such as the potential capacity increase, energy consumption, and the number of required interfaces must be evaluated for different transmission scenarios. We consider progressive spectral exploitation, starting from the C-band only and up to C+L+S+U-band transmission, for both transparent and translucent solutions that exploit optical signal regeneration. By considering accurate state-of-the-art physical layer models, we derive a networking performance metric that enables the comparison of different solutions in terms of capacity allocation and energy consumption. For a translucent network design, different regenerator placement algorithms are compared, with the aim of minimizing energy consumption. The proposed network-wide numerical analysis shows that, for spectral occupations exceeding the C+L-band, translucent solutions can significantly increase network capacity, while leading to a similar energy consumption per transmitted bit as in the transparent design case, but they require the deployment of additional line interfaces. Significantly, these results provide evidence that the transparent exploitation of an additional transmission band produces a capacity increment that is at least comparable to that of a translucent solution based on already-in-use bands. Since this is attained at the expense of fewer line interfaces, it is a key finding suggesting that extending the number of bands supported is a cost-effective approach to scaling the capacity of existing fiber infrastructures.

Análise do Impacto de Penalidades Físicas na Banda C para uma Rede Óptica Elástica

“…Alguns autores têm trabalhado com simulações em EONs, considerando tráfego dinâmico e incluindo em suas considerações as penalidades físicas em diferentes bandas de transmissão [7]- [16]. Alguns consideram o ruído de emissão espontânea amplificada (ASE -Amplified Spontaneous Emission) e as interferências não lineares dependentes do comprimento de onda [7]- [12]. Outros ainda consideram a abordagem do alcance máximo obtido para cada formato de modulação [13]- [16].…”

“…Uzunidis et al [11] desenvolveram uma ferramenta de planejamento que envolve um algoritmo de roteamento, atribuição de formato de modulação e espectro. Foram considerados o ruído ASE, a mistura de quatro ondas e o SRS nas bandas O, S, C e L. Em [12], Sadeghi et al propuseram diferentes algoritmos de alocação de nós translúcidos com o objetivo de minimizar o consumo de energia nas bandas de transmissão S, C, L e U. Paz et al [13] fizeram um estudo sobre o alcance máximo da propagação dos sinais ópticos em um ambiente multibanda para uma variedade de formatos de modulação com valores de taxa de erro por bit comumente usados em EONs. Calderón et al [14] propuseram três algoritmos para atribuição de bandas de transmissão, considerando as bandas E, S, C e L. Morales et al [15] propuseram um esquema, baseado em aprendizagem por reforço, para resolver o problema do roteamento, atribuição de banda de transmissão, formato de modulação e espectro, considerando as bandas E, S, C e L. Sheik et al [16] propuseram um esquema de provisionamento de recursos baseado em aprendizagem profunda por reforço, considerando as bandas E, S, C e L.…”

Raman amplifier placement in C+L-band elastic optical networks

“…With the emergence of technologies such as 5G and artificial intelligence (AI), Internet traffic is experiencing a rapid growth. To cope with this ever-increasing traffic, an effective method for capacity expansion is to extend a fiber transmission system from traditional C band to C+L band [1] [2]. However, due to the Inter-Channel Stimulated Raman Scattering (ISRS) effect, lightpaths in the C band may suffer from significant signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) degradation when the L band is also filled with signals.…”

Throughput maximization in (C+L+S) networks with incremental deployment of HFAs and 3Rs

“…As a result, deploying both HFAs and 3Rs becomes essential for mitigating lightpath degradation, therefore compounding the complexity of the optimization problem. Previous works in the literature have investigated the deployment of Raman amplifiers [6], [7] and 3R regenerators [8] in (C+L+S) networks. However, these works assume that HFA are deployed in every candidate location and do not consider joint HFA and 3R deployment.…”