Transpiration, growth, and water use efficiency of paprika plants (Capsicum annuum L.) as affected by irrigation frequency

Shin, Jong Hwa; Noh, Eun Hee; Son, Jung Eek

doi:10.1007/s13580-012-0095-2

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Although the increasing trend of substrate EC in the T1 treatment was similar to that in the T2, the transpiration efficiency in the T1 treatment was higher because better conditions for transpiration were provided in the T1 treatment by more frequent irrigation than in the T2. Ta et al (2012) reported similar results in analyses of transpiration efficiency at different irrigation intervals. As the irrigation interval became shorter by treatment, the number of irrigation events during the day increased with a decrease in the irrigation amount at each irrigation event (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

“…The average weights and water contents of 6 fruit samples were measured after harvest. The vegetative plant growth, plant height, the number of nodes and leaves, and leaf area index (LAI) were calculated by measuring leaf length and width (Ta et al, 2012), and the data were collected every week.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, Havrda et al (1989) and Nesmith et al (1992) suggested that the supplied nutrient EC should be adjusted based on the substrate MC in soilless culture, because the substrate EC generally increased with decreasing substrate MC. Similarly, Ta et al (2012) suggested that frequent irrigation with a small amount of water could increase the transpiration with respect to the substrate MC and EC. In general, it is known that substrate MC related to matric water potential directly affects the water uptake by the roots, and that the substrate EC, which is inversely proportional to the substrate MC, incidentally influences the plant transpiration as osmotic water potential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in electrical conductivity and moisture content of substrate and their subsequent effects on transpiration rate, water use efficiency, and plant growth in the soilless culture of paprika (Capsicum annuum L.)

Shin

Son

2015

Hortic. Environ. Biotechnol.

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The moisture content (MC) and electrical conductivity (EC) in substrates are major root-zone environmental factors that affect the transpiration rate and subsequent plant growth in soilless culture. For maintaining optimum root-zone environments, efficient real-time irrigation control is required based on the substrate EC, substrate MC, and transpiration. The objectives of this study were to clarify the relationship between substrate MC and EC and analyze the changes in substrate EC, plant growth, and water use efficiency under different moisture control regimes. Irrigation systems maintaining three regimes of substrate MC (70-85, 60-85, and 50-85%) were set as treatments, and a conventional irrigation using accumulated radiation served as a control. Subsequent changes in the substrate EC and transpiration rate were continuously measured at different substrate MCs, and the relationships between these variables were derived. The transpiration rate was most sensitive to substrate EC at general cultivation conditions of a substrate EC of 2.5 to 4.5 dS·m -1 and a substrate MC of 60 to 85%. The transpiration rate tended to decrease with increasing substrate EC and decreasing substrate MC. More water was consumed in a higher substrate MC, which was controlled within a narrow range of MC. However, substrate EC was well-controlled below 4.5 dS·m -1 in a substrate MC of 70 to 85%.The relationship between the range of substrate MC and the increase in substrate EC was obtained using equations. Although more water was supplied for the control with a substrate MC of 70 to 85%, fruit productivity tended to increase compared to the other substrate MC treatments (60-85 and 50-85%). From the results, it is hypothesized that precise control of root-zone environments can be used to increase fruit productivity and water use efficiency and to minimize plant water stress as well.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in electrical conductivity and moisture content of substrate and their subsequent effects on transpiration rate, water use efficiency, and plant growth in the soilless culture of paprika (Capsicum annuum L.)

Shin

Son

2015

Hortic. Environ. Biotechnol.

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“…This model considers reducing the nutrient depletion zone around the roots due to the accelerated mass flow generated by an increase in transpiration rate with plant growth ( Sago et al, 2011 ; Nomiyama et al, 2013 ). Since transpiration is a variable that includes parameters for plant growth changes ( Baille et al, 1994 ; Ta et al, 2012 ), the model was used to reflect the change in the nutrient absorption rate with plants’ growth. The definitions, values, units, and sources of the models’ parameters are summarized in Table 1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical and Experimental Analyses of Nutrient Control in Electrical Conductivity-Based Nutrient Recycling Soilless Culture System

2021

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An electrical conductivity (EC)-based closed-loop soilless culture system is practical for in-field deployment. Literature on the closed-loop soilless culture nutrient management premise the limitations in managing recycled nutrients under dynamic changes in individual nutrient uptake concentrations. However, recent systems analysis studies predicting solutions for nutrient fluctuation stabilization in EC-based closed-loop soilless culture systems suggest that the system may have a deterministic side in nutrient variation. This study aims to derive a nutrient control principle in an EC-based nutrient recycling soilless culture system by theoretical and experimental analyses. An integrated model of solutes such as K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ and water transport in growing media, automated nutrient solution preparation, and nutrient uptake was designed. In the simulation, the intrinsic characteristics of nutrient changes among open-, semi- closed-, and closed-loop soilless cultures were compared, and stochastic simulations for nutrient control were performed in the closed-loop system. Four automated irrigation modules for comparing nutrient changes among the soilless culture systems were constructed in the greenhouse. Sweet pepper plants were used in the experiment. In the experimental analysis, nutrient concentration conversion to the proportion between nutrients revealed distinctive trends of nutrient changes according to the treatment level of drainage recycling. Theoretical and experimental analyses exhibited that nutrient variations in open-, semi- closed-, and closed-loop soilless culture systems can be integrated as a function of nutrient supply to the system’s boundary areas. Furthermore, stochastic simulation analysis indicated that the nutrient ratio in the soilless culture system reveals the nutrient uptake parameter-based deterministic patterns. Thus, the nutrient ratio in the closed-loop soilless culture could be controlled by the long-term feedback of this ratio. We expect that these findings provide theoretical frameworks for systemizing nutrient management techniques in EC-based closed-loop soilless culture systems.

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“…However, in the actual cultivation conditions in this experiment, input of nutrients and water into the root zone by irrigation occurs intermittently, and the variation in the section where no input occurs cannot be controlled until the next input event. Furthermore, the frequency of changes of such input can affect system fluctuations [34][35][36], and the AM applied system is also under this influence. Considering these constraints and the CM changes, it can be assumed that the AM entered an average steady state that fluctuated within a certain range.…”

Section: Experimental Analysis: Demonstration Experiments For the Theomentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Nutrient Variations in Electrical Conductivity-Based Closed-Loop Soilless Culture Systems by Nutrient Replenishment Method

Ahn

Son

2019

Agronomy

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In closed-loop soilless culture systems, variation in nutrients can lead to instability in the nutrient management and forced discharge of nutrients and water. Total nutrients absorbed by plants are replenished in an electrical conductivity-based closed-loop system, and fluctuation in electrical conductivity within a certain range around the initial value can be expected. However, this is not always observed in systems using conventional nutrient-replenishment methods. The objectives of this study were to analyze nutrient variation in a closed-loop soilless culture system based on a theoretical model and derive an alternative nutrient-replenishment method. The performance of the derived alternative method was compared with a conventional nutrient-replenishment method through simulation analysis. A demonstration experiment using sweet peppers was then conducted to confirm whether the theoretical analysis results can be reproduced through actual cultivation. The average amounts of injected nutrients during the experimental period of four months in the conventional and alternative methods were 2257 and 1054 g, respectively. There was no significant difference in the yield of sweet peppers between the two methods. The substrate electrical conductivity in the alternative method was maintained at 2.7 dS·m −1 ± 0.5 within the target electrical conductivity value, while that in the conventional method gradually increased to 5.0 dS·m −1 ± 1.2. In a simulation study, results similar to the demonstration experiment were predicted. Total nutrient concentrations in the alternative method showed fluctuations around the target value but did not continuously deviate from the target value, while those in the conventional method showed a tendency to increase. As a whole, these characteristics of the alternative method can help in minimizing nutrients and water emissions from the cultivation system. Agronomy 2019, 9, 649 2 of 16techniques, unlike open-loop systems. In order to appropriately apply those techniques, theoretical models are required and the problems should be precisely defined [10].In both closed-loop and open-loop soilless culture systems, the electrical conductivity (EC) of the nutrient solution in the mixing tank is adjusted to a target value before the solution is applied to the plant [9,11,12]. However, unlike an open-loop system, the mixing ratio of tap water to stock solution in a closed-loop system is adjusted by considering the change in nutrient concentration due to the inflow of drainage [12]. Alternatively, in simple systems, a premixed standard nutrient solution of a certain EC is supplied based on the difference between initial and current water levels in the circulation tank, which simultaneously performs drainage collection and nutrient-solution feeding [13,14]. In an EC-based closed-loop soilless culture system, supply of stock solution or standard nutrient solution and tap water is intended to replenish nutrients and water consumed in the system [12]. For a single system in which the plants are grown ...

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Transpiration, growth, and water use efficiency of paprika plants (Capsicum annuum L.) as affected by irrigation frequency

Cited by 16 publications

References 20 publications

Changes in electrical conductivity and moisture content of substrate and their subsequent effects on transpiration rate, water use efficiency, and plant growth in the soilless culture of paprika (Capsicum annuum L.)

Changes in electrical conductivity and moisture content of substrate and their subsequent effects on transpiration rate, water use efficiency, and plant growth in the soilless culture of paprika (Capsicum annuum L.)

Theoretical and Experimental Analyses of Nutrient Control in Electrical Conductivity-Based Nutrient Recycling Soilless Culture System

Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Nutrient Variations in Electrical Conductivity-Based Closed-Loop Soilless Culture Systems by Nutrient Replenishment Method

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