Transpiration Responses of Herbicide-Resistant and -Susceptible Palmer amaranth [<em>Amaranthus palmeri</em> (S.) Wats.] to Progressively Drying Soil

Abstract

Drought events are predicted to become more prevalent in the future. Evaluating the performance of herbicide-resistant and susceptible weed ecotypes to progressive drought can provide insights into whether resistance trait(s) increased or reduced the fitness of a resistant population. Two experiments were conducted in the greenhouse between January and May 2021 to evaluate drought tolerance differences between Palmer amaranth accessions resistant to S-metolachlor or glyphosate and their susceptible counterparts. The accessions used were: S-metolachlor-resistant (17TUN-A), a susceptible standard (09CRW-A), and glyphosate-resistant (22 to 165 EPSPS copies) and glyphosate-susceptible (3 to 10 EPSPS copies) plants from accession 16CRW-D. Daily transpiration of each plant was measured. The daily transpiration rate was converted to normalized transpiration ratio (NTR) using a double-normalization procedure. The daily soil water content was expressed as a fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW). The threshold FTSW (FTSWcr), after which NTR decreases linearly, was estimated using a two-segment linear regression analysis. The data showed differences between S-metolachlor- resistant and -susceptible accessions (P &amp;le; 0.05). The FTSW remaining in the soil at the breakpoint for the S-metolachlor-susceptible accession (09CRW-A) was 0.17&amp;plusmn;0.007. The FTSW remaining in the soil at the breakpoint for the S-metolachlor-resistant accession (17TUN-A) was 0.23&amp;plusmn;0.004. Although the mechanism endowing resistance to S-metolachlor might have contributed to increased drought tolerance, follow-up experiments are needed to verify this finding. Increased EPSPS copy number did not improve drought tolerance of Palmer amaranth.