Transplacental transfer of genotoxins and transplacental carcinogenesis.

Autrup, Herman

doi:10.1289/ehp.93101s233

Cited by 43 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Biological markers of exposure assessment to environmental carcinogens in the developing fetus have been limited previously to studies that have examined either placental exposure to carcinogens after delivery or the obtaining of biological specimens from the neonate (29,(84)(85)(86)(87)(88)(89)(90)(91). The latter process of using biological markers relies heavily on the obtaining of either meconium samples from the neonate after delivery, or small amounts of urine for analysis (92)(93)(94)(95)(96)(97)(98)(99).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Amniotic Fluid Samples From Smokers and Nonsmokers

Myers

Zamora

Ali

et al. 2008

Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds

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Previous studies from this laboratory have focused on the characterization of blood protein adducts formed in utero as a result of maternal smoking during pregnancy. These biological samples, obtained during the third trimester of pregnancy, at delivery, have clearly shown a correlation between maternal smoking histories and exposure of the fetus to tobacco smoke carcinogens, including 4-aminobiphenyl and benzo(a)pyrene. In the present study, we examined exposure of the fetus during the first trimester of pregnancy to various environmental carcinogens, particularly those found in tobacco smoke. Amniotic fluid samples were obtained from women undergoing routine amniocentesis between 16 and 20 weeks gestational age. Amniotic fluid, produced by the fetal lungs and kidneys, is an important part of pregnancy and fetal development and this fluid surrounds the fetus throughout pregnancy. In these studies, samples of amniotic fluid were obtained from nonsmokers as well as 0.5 pack per day smokers, 1.0 pack per day smokers, and greater than 2.0 pack per day smokers. Maternal smoking status was determined by questionnaire as well as assessment of amniotic fluid for 39 Downloaded by [University of Kent] at 15:01 07 December 2014 40 S. R. Myers et al. cotinine via immunoassay. Amniotic fluid samples were extracted and analyzed for the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). A clear correlation was found between levels of maternal smoking and PAHs in the amniotic fluid.Amniotic fluid 1-hydroxypyrene levels ranged from 1.54 ± 0.12 µg/L in nonsmokers to 11.72 ± 0.67 µg/L in women smoking greater than 2 pks/da, indicating approximately a 10X increase over nonsmokers. Similar results were found 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene, 6-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene, and 3,6-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene, metabolites of the carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene as well as with the 9-hydroxy and 9,10-dihydroxy metabolites of anthracene. The 5-hydroxymethyl metabolite of 5-methylchrysene was found to range in concentrations from 1.65 ± 0.11 µg/L in nonsmokers to 12.67 ± 0.79 µg/L in greater than 2 packs per day smokers.These results demonstrate that amniotic fluid can serve as a biological marker of exposure to tobacco related polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Identification of potentially harmful compounds detected at an early stage of pregnancy may prevent subsequent exposures to the fetus and as a result decrease the risk of potential genotoxic as well as teratogenic events.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Amniotic Fluid Samples From Smokers and Nonsmokers

Myers

Zamora

Ali

et al. 2008

Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Prenatal exposure appears particularly hazardous [Rogan et al, 1986;Jacobson et al, 1990;Yu et al, 1991], although, one small study of prenatal DDE exposure showed no relation to preterm delivery [Berkowitz et al, 1996]. Animal studies demonstrating the transplacental transfer of genotoxins with subsequent teratogenic and carcinogenic effects also raise concern about in utero exposure to pesticides [Autrup, 1993]. The International Agency for Research on Cancer concluded that there was limited or suf®cient evidence for carcinogenicity of about half of the pesticides evaluated in experimental studies [IARC, 1987].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal exposure to pesticides: A feasibility study among migrant and seasonal farmworkers

et al. 2001

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Background Migrant and seasonal farmworkers have a high potential for pesticide exposures, yet are rarely included in epidemiologic studies. This study examined the feasibility of assessing prenatal exposures to pesticides and other compounds in pregnant Hispanic farmworkers. Methods Nine women completed a survey about work experiences during pregnancy. Maternal urine, cord blood, and placenta samples were obtained at delivery for analysis of 51 analytes, including 6 phenoxy acid or triazine herbicides, 21 organochlorine insecticides, 10 PCBs, and 14 volatile organic compounds. Results Seven of 51 analytes were found in the biological samples. DDE, DDT, dichlorbenzene, toluene, trimethylbenzene, and endosulfan sulfate were detected in cord blood samples, and 2,4-D in urine from one or more women. Conclusions We documented the feasibility of following farmworkers to assess in utero exposure to pesticides and other contaminants, and demonstrated exposure to these compounds. Dif®culties in measuring pesticides with short half lives were noted. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:578±585, 2001. ß 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.KEY WORDS: prenatal; farmwork; migrant; pesticides; cancer; occupation; Hispanic; Texas INTRODUCTIONPesticides are a broad class of chemicals used for pest control and are classi®ed by formulation, target pests, mode of action, or chemical structure [Stevenson, 1995]. While there are many bene®ts to pesticide application, pesticide exposures have been associated with a wide variety of adverse health outcomes. Acute health effects include irritant effects, systemic poisoning, and contact dermatitis. Chronic health effects include cancer, neurotoxicity, birth defects, and adverse reproductive effects [Sharp and Eskenazi, 1986;Moses, 1993]. A number of studies have linked pesticides to childhood cancer [Zahm and Ward, 1998]. Some epidemiologic studies have reported an association between childhood cancer risk and parental exposure to pesticides during pregnancy [Zahm and Ward, 1998]. The transplacental carcinogenesis of diethylstilbestrol [Giusti et al., 1995] illustrates the vulnerability of the fetus to the effects of in utero exposure. Prenatal exposure appears particularly hazardous [Rogan et al., 1986;Jacobson et al., 1990;Yu et al., 1991], although, one small study of prenatal DDE exposure showed no relation to preterm delivery [Berkowitz et al., 1996]. Animal studies demonstrating the transplacental transfer of genotoxins with subsequent teratogenic and carcinogenic effects also raise concern about in utero exposure to pesticides [Autrup, 1993] carcinogenicity of about half of the pesticides evaluated in experimental studies [IARC, 1987].There is a paucity of research on occupational and environmental hazards affecting minority women, particularly those of Hispanic ethnicity [Dula et al., 1993]. People of color and low-income groups experience a disproportionate burden of pesticide exposure and related health effects, and yet are rarely studied . Women who work as migrant or seasonal farmworkers have a particularly...

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“…[90][91][92] As(III) passes transplacentally and prenatal exposure to arsenic has been shown to increase risks of arsenic-related toxicity in early childhood and vulnerability to malignant and non-malignant pulmonary disease later in life. [93][94][95] Population studies in Argentina show that the methylation and excretion of arsenic are determined by genetic polymorphisms and expression of selected genes. 96 MMA is associated more with arsenic toxicity and bladder cancer but DMA has the lowest body retention of all As metabolites.…”

Section: Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results of experiments in mice prompt further investigation into the potential risks posed to pregnant women in arsenic-rich countries. 93 …”

Section: Tissue Sensitivity Patterns In Methylation and Metabolism Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

CHAPTER 17. Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth

2013

Issues in Toxicology

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Transplacental transfer of genotoxins and transplacental carcinogenesis.

Cited by 43 publications

References 29 publications

Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Amniotic Fluid Samples From Smokers and Nonsmokers

Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Amniotic Fluid Samples From Smokers and Nonsmokers

Prenatal exposure to pesticides: A feasibility study among migrant and seasonal farmworkers

CHAPTER 17. Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth

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