Transplantation of Amniotic Fluid–Derived Neural Stem Cells

McCulloh, Christopher J.; Zhou, Yu; Besner, Gail E.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812015-6.00003-0

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

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“…Regarding the type of stem cells, one study (one experiment) ( 42 ) examined amniotic fluid (AF) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and two studies (three experiments) ( 48 , 49 ) examined AF stem cells (AFSCs). AFSCs stained positively for a number of surface markers that are characteristic of MSCs and/or neural stem cells (NSCs) ( 51 , 52 ) and therefore were analyzed separately from AFMSCs. Five studies (seven experiments) ( 42 , 43 , 45 , 47 , 48 ) examined bone marrow MSCs (BMMSCs), three studies (three experiments) ( 42 , 44 , 46 ) examined enteric NSCs (ENSCs), and one study (one experiment) ( 42 ) examined AFNSCs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two studies investigated the effects of AFSC ( 48 , 49 ). AFSC are considered as an intermediate type between embryonic and adult stem cells, and they stained positively for a number of surface markers characteristic of MSCs and NSCs ( 51 , 52 ). Interestingly, it has been shown that NSCs can be purified and derived from AFSC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, it has been shown that NSCs can be purified and derived from AFSC. As reviewed by McCulloch et al, these amniotic-fluid derived NSCs may have the ability to provide the same therapeutic effects than other NSCs but with the advantage of a greater easiness in obtaining them ( 52 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stem Cells as Therapy for Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Studies

et al. 2020

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Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common life-threatening gastrointestinal condition among very and extremely preterm infants. Stem cell therapy has shown some promising protective effects in animal models of intestinal injury, including NEC, but no systematic review has yet evaluated the preclinical evidence of stem cell therapy for NEC prevention or treatment.Methods: PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched for studies using an animal model of NEC with stem cells or their products. The SYRCLE tool was used for the assessment of risk of bias. A random-effects model was used to pool odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI).Results: We screened 953 studies, of which nine (eight rat and one mouse models) met the inclusion criteria. All animal models induced NEC by a combination of hypothermia, hypoxia, and formula feeding. Risk of bias was evaluated as unclear on most items for all studies included. Meta-analysis found that both mesenchymal and neural stem cells and stem cell-derived exosomes reduced the incidence of all NEC (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.16–0.32, k = 16), grade 2 NEC (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.24–0.70, k = 16), and grade 3–4 NEC (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.19–0.42, k = 16). k represents the number of independent effect sizes included in each meta-analysis. The effect of the exosomes was similar to that of the stem cells. Stem cells and exosomes also improved 4-day survival (OR 2.89 95% CI 2.07–4.04, k = 9) and 7-day survival (OR 3.96 95% CI 2.39–6.55, k = 5) after experimental NEC. Meta-analysis also found that stem cells reduced other indicators of intestinal injury.Conclusion: The data from this meta-analysis suggest that both stem cells and stem cell-derived exosomes prevented NEC in rodent experimental models. However, unclear risk of bias and incomplete reporting underline that poor reporting standards are common and hamper the reliable interpretation of preclinical evidence for stem cell therapy for NEC.

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