Transplantation of Embryonic Spinal Cord Derived Cells Helps to Prevent Muscle Atrophy after Peripheral Nerve Injury

Ruven, Carolin; Li, Wen; Li, Heng; Wong, Wai-Man; Wu, Wutian

doi:10.3390/ijms18030511

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…In addition, the results of the current study demonstrated that post-stroke patients with the occurrence of the SS may aggravate the damage of the HUE nerves which could impact the functional recovery of the HUE. Previous studies [25,26] have suggested that long-term denervation can lead to muscular dystrophy and irreversible loss of neuromuscular junctions. Therefore, combining with the results of the current study, the authors speculate that if the prevention strategies of the SS are carried out in the early stage of stroke, it could reduce the degree of the HUE nerve damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of shoulder subluxation on peripheral nerve conduction and function of hemiplegic upper extremity in stroke patients: A retrospective, matched-pair study

Yang

Wang

et al. 2021

Neurological Research

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Background: After stroke, the peripheral nerves of the hemiplegic upper extremity (HUE) could exist impairments which seriously delay the function recovery of the HUE. However, the impacts of shoulder subluxation (SS) on the HUE electromyography characteristics in post-stroke are rarely reported. Therefore, this study was to investigate the impact of SS on peripheral nerve conduction and function of the HUE in post-stroke patients.Methods: A retrospective, matched-pair study was conducted. 30 post-stroke in-patients (15 patients for each group) were selected and their peripheral nerves of bilateral upper limbs were used to be underdone by the electroneurographic examination. The characteristics of patients, such as age and type of stroke, were recorded and paired. The electroneurographic parameters of upper limb motor/sensory nerves contained: the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude and latency of suprascapular, axillary, musculocutaneous, radial, median and ulnar nerves; the motor conduction velocity/ the sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitude and latency of median, ulnar and radial nerves. The Brunnstrom stage scale was used to evaluate the motor function of the HUE.Results: The CMAP amplitude of each nerve in the HUE of both groups was lower than that in the healthy side (P < 0.05). CMAP amplitude of peripheral nerves (except ulnar) in the HUE of SS group was decreased (P < 0.05). The CMAP latency of the suprascapular, axillary and musculocutaneous nerves was longer than that of the healthy side in the SS group (P < 0.05). The axillary nerve CMAP latency in the SS group was prolonged more (P < 0.05). The motor conduction velocity of the median nerve on the HUE in the SS group was lower than that of the HUE in the N-SS group (P < 0.05). The SNAP amplitudes of the nerves in the HUE in both groups were lower than those in the healthy side (P < 0.05). The Brunnstrom stage of HUE in the SS group was lower (P < 0.05).Conclusions: Stroke may lead to extensive damage of the HUE nerves, and SS may aggravate the damage of these nerves, delaying the recovery of upper limb function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of shoulder subluxation on peripheral nerve conduction and function of hemiplegic upper extremity in stroke patients: A retrospective, matched-pair study

Yang

Wang

et al. 2021

Neurological Research

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“…In recent years, cell transplantation approaches are being used in experimental models of peripheral nerve injury to enhance nerve regeneration. Transplantation of Schwann cells, 19 olfactory ensheathing cells, 20 embryonic spinal cord-derived cells, 21 nestin-positive hair follicle pluripotent stem cells, 22 and so on were reported to be beneficial to the regenerative process because they could secrete chemokines and arrange along with the long axis of the nerve fibers to guide extension of regenerative axon to target structure. NSCs are a distinct group of cells present in the embryonic and adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) that can self-renew and give rise to the major cell types of the CNS, such as neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MiR-7 inhibited peripheral nerve injury repair by affecting neural stem cells migration and proliferation through cdc42

et al. 2018

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ObjectiveNeural stem cells play an important role in the recovery and regeneration of peripheral nerve injury, and the microRNA-7 (miR-7) regulates differentiation of neural stem cells. This study aimed to explore the role of miR-7 in neural stem cells homing and proliferation and its influence on peripheral nerve injury repair.MethodsThe mice model of peripheral nerve injury was created by segmental sciatic nerve defect (sciatic nerve injury), and neural stem cells treatment was performed with a gelatin hydrogel conduit containing neural stem cells inserted into the sciatic nerve injury mice. The Sciatic Function Index was used to quantify sciatic nerve functional recovery in the mice. The messenger RNA and protein expression were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively. Luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the binding between miR-7 and the 3’UTR of cell division cycle protein 42 (cdc42). The neural stem cells migration and proliferation were analyzed by transwell assay and a Cell-LightTM EdU DNA Cell Proliferation kit, respectively.ResultsNeural stem cells treatment significantly promoted nerve repair in sciatic nerve injury mice. MiR-7 expression was decreased in sciatic nerve injury mice with neural stem cells treatment, and miR-7 mimic transfected into neural stem cells suppressed migration and proliferation, while miR-7 inhibitor promoted migration and proliferation. The expression level and effect of cdc42 on neural stem cells migration and proliferation were opposite to miR-7, and the luciferase reporter assay proved that cdc42 was a target of miR-7. Using co-transfection into neural stem cells, we found pcDNA3.1-cdc42 and si-cdc42 could reverse respectively the role of miR-7 mimic and miR-7 inhibitor on neural stem cells migration and proliferation. In addition, miR-7 mimic-transfected neural stem cells could abolish the protective role of neural stem cells on peripheral nerve injury.ConclusionMiR-7 inhibited peripheral nerve injury repair by affecting neural stem cells migration and proliferation through cdc42.

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“…Moreover, the distance to cover by the regenerating axons from the SC avulsion site to the muscular end plates is so long that by the time the axons reach their destination, the muscles are atrophic and fibrotic [20,128]. To avoid and delay this muscle atrophy as much as possible, several strategies have been attempted: manipulating the molecular pathways involved in muscle atrophy [129][130][131], nerve transfers from neighboring functioning nerves [132][133][134][135][136], direct electrical stimulation of the affected muscles [137][138][139] and neuronal transplantation inside the denervated muscle [20,[140][141][142]. In rats, the combination of GDNF at the SC-NR injury site and embryonic spinal foetal neuron transplant inside the target muscles provided the best possible functional result [20].…”

Section: Pharmacological Aids To Enhance Regeneration After Nerve Roomentioning

confidence: 99%

Nerve Root Reimplantation in Brachial Plexus Injuries

Vanaclocha‐Vanaclocha¹,

Saiz-Sapena²,

Ortiz-Criado³

et al. 2019

Treatment of Brachial Plexus Injuries

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Nerve root avulsion is the most severe form of brachial or lumbosacral plexus injury. Spontaneous recovery is extremely rare, and when all the nerve roots of the affected plexus are avulsed, the therapeutic options are very limited. Nerve root reimplantation has been attempted since the 1990s, first in experimental animal models and afterwards in human beings. Currently, only partial recovery of the proximal limb muscles has been achieved. New therapeutic strategies have been developed to improve motor neuron survival and axonal regeneration, with promising results. Neurotrophic factors and some drugs have been used successfully to improve the regenerating ability, but long-term studies in humans are needed to develop complete recovery of the affected limb.

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Transplantation of Embryonic Spinal Cord Derived Cells Helps to Prevent Muscle Atrophy after Peripheral Nerve Injury

Cited by 19 publications

References 82 publications

Impact of shoulder subluxation on peripheral nerve conduction and function of hemiplegic upper extremity in stroke patients: A retrospective, matched-pair study

Impact of shoulder subluxation on peripheral nerve conduction and function of hemiplegic upper extremity in stroke patients: A retrospective, matched-pair study

MiR-7 inhibited peripheral nerve injury repair by affecting neural stem cells migration and proliferation through cdc42

Nerve Root Reimplantation in Brachial Plexus Injuries

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